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Article

Study of Phase Transformations and Interface Evolution in Carbon Steel under Temperatures and Loads Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

by
Chao Wen
1,2,3,
Zhengminqing Li
4,
Hongyan Wu
5 and
Jianfeng Gu
1,2,*
1
Institute of Materials Modification and Modelling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3
CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213011, China
4
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
5
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 9 May 2024 / Revised: 4 June 2024 / Accepted: 17 June 2024 / Published: 25 June 2024

Abstract

Carbon steel materials are widely used in mechanical transmission. Under different temperature and pressure service conditions, the microscopic changes of stress and strain that are difficult to detect and analyze by experimental means will lead to failure deformation, thus affecting their operational stability and life. In this study, the molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the heating–cooling phase transition process of common carbon steel materials. Austenite transformation temperatures of 980 K (0.2 wt.%) and 1095 K (0.5 wt.%) are acquired which is determined by the volume hysteresis before and after transformation, which is consistent with the results of JMatPro phase diagram analysis. The internal stress state of the material varies between compressive stress and tensile stress due to the change of phase structure, and the dislocation characteristics during the phase transition period are observed to change significantly. Then, an α/γ two-phase interface model is constructed to study the migration of the phase interface and the change of the phase structure by applying a continuously changing external load. At the same time, the transition pressure of α→ϵ is obtained with a value of 37 GPa under three different initial loads showing the independence of the initial load and the historical path. Based on the molecular dynamics simulation and the phase diagram calculation of the carbon steel, the analysis method for the microstructure transformation and the stress–strain behavior of the phase interface under the external load can provide a reference for the design of microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy steel in the future.
Keywords: carbon steel; molecular dynamics; phase transition; interface carbon steel; molecular dynamics; phase transition; interface

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wen, C.; Li, Z.; Wu, H.; Gu, J. Study of Phase Transformations and Interface Evolution in Carbon Steel under Temperatures and Loads Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Metals 2024, 14, 752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met14070752

AMA Style

Wen C, Li Z, Wu H, Gu J. Study of Phase Transformations and Interface Evolution in Carbon Steel under Temperatures and Loads Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Metals. 2024; 14(7):752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met14070752

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen, Chao, Zhengminqing Li, Hongyan Wu, and Jianfeng Gu. 2024. "Study of Phase Transformations and Interface Evolution in Carbon Steel under Temperatures and Loads Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation" Metals 14, no. 7: 752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met14070752

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