Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
2.2. Microorganism Isolation and Culture
2.3. Cadmium (Cd2+), Lead (Pb2+), and Zinc (Zn2+) Tolerance Screening
2.4. Molecular Identification of Promising Bacteria
2.5. Viability Test of Promising Bacteria
2.6. Bacterial Growth Curves of Promising Isolates at Different Pb2+ Concentrations
2.7. Pb2+ Removal Experiments
2.8. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy Analysis of Bacterial Biomass
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
3.2. Microorganism Isolation and Culture
3.3. Cd, Pb, and Zn Tolerance Screening
3.4. Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis
3.5. Viability Test of Enterobacter sp. INV PRT213, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215, and Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT216
3.6. Bacterial Growth Curves of Promising Isolates at Different Pb2+ Concentrations
3.7. Evaluation of Pb2+ Removal Capacity of Promising Isolates Enterobacter sp. INV PRT213, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215, and Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT216
3.8. Analysis of Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215 Biomass via Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality | Sampling Site | Sampling Site Abbreviation | Latitude | Longitude | Depth (m) | Temperature (°C) | Salinity (ppt) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atrato river mouth | Margarita Atrato river mouth | MARM | N 8°8′47.052″ | W 76°50′8.337″ | 2.3 | 27.7 | 0.2 | 6.2 |
Mangrove Paila Atrato river | MPAR | N 8°1′51″ | W 76°50′51″ | 1.1 | 28.0 | 7.5 | 6.5 | |
Mangrove Roto Atrato river | MRAR | N 8°12′42.351″ | W 76°56′33.552″ | 3.2 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 6.2 | |
Baudó river mouth | Mangrove via Usaraga Baudó river | MVUBR | N 4°56′38.4″ | W 77°21′48.6″ | 0.5 | 27.1 | 7.2 | 6.2 |
Out to sea Baudó river | OBR | N 4°56′19.9″ | W 77°22′55.1″ | 7.6 | 29.7 | 6.5 | 6.4 | |
San Juan river mouth | Mangrove Choncho San Juan river two | MCHSJ2 | N 4°2′56.2″ | W 77°27′03.1″ | 4.0 | 25.9 | 0.3 | 6.3 |
Mangrove San Juan river two | MSJ2 | N 4°2′34.5″ | W 77°26′05.1″ | 4.0 | 26.2 | 3.1 | 6.4 | |
Beach San Juan river mouth two | BSJM2 | N 4°1′31.2″ | W 77°26′24.1″ | 4.5 | 25.6 | 1.5 | 6.9 |
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Alvarado-Campo, K.L.; Quintero, M.; Cuadrado-Cano, B.; Montoya-Giraldo, M.; Otero-Tejada, E.L.; Blandón, L.; Sánchez, O.; Zuleta-Correa, A.; Gómez-León, J. Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2708. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11112708
Alvarado-Campo KL, Quintero M, Cuadrado-Cano B, Montoya-Giraldo M, Otero-Tejada EL, Blandón L, Sánchez O, Zuleta-Correa A, Gómez-León J. Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(11):2708. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11112708
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvarado-Campo, Katleen L., Marynes Quintero, Bernarda Cuadrado-Cano, Manuela Montoya-Giraldo, Elver Luis Otero-Tejada, Lina Blandón, Olga Sánchez, Ana Zuleta-Correa, and Javier Gómez-León. 2023. "Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential" Microorganisms 11, no. 11: 2708. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11112708