Effects of Vitamin A on Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Their Preadipocytes by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Microflora
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Adipogenic Differentiation
2.2. Measurement of Cell Proliferation
2.3. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.4. Oil Red O Staining
2.5. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis
2.6. Protein Extraction and Western Blotting Analysis
2.7. Animals and Feeding
2.8. Diversity Analysis of Intestinal Flora of Yanbian Yellow Cattle
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of ATRA on the Proliferation of Preadipocytes from Yanbian Yellow Cattle
3.2. Effect of ATRA on the Differentiation of Preadipocytes from Yanbian Yellow Cattle
3.3. ATRA Regulated the Differentiation of Preadipocytes from Yanbian Yellow Cattle through the mTOR Signaling Pathway
3.4. Effect of Vitamin A on the Diversity of the Intestinal Flora of Yanbian Yellow Cattle
3.5. Vitamin A Regulated the Bacterial Composition in Yanbian Yellow Cattle at Different Taxa Levels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | GenBank Accession No. | Primer Sequence (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
Cyclin D1-F | NM_001046273.2 | GCGTACCCTGACACCAATCTC |
Cyclin D1-R | CTCCTCTTCGCACTTCTGCTC | |
CDK 2-F | NM_001014934.1 | GGGTCCCTGTTCGTACTTATAC |
CDK 2-R | CCACTGCTGTGGAGTAGTATTT | |
PCNA-F | NM_001034494.1 | CCTTGGTGCAGCTAACCCTT |
PCNA-R | TTGGACATGCTGGTGAGGTT | |
β-actin-F | NM_173979.3 | AGGCATCCTGACCCTCAAGTA |
β-actin-R | GCTCGTTGTAGAAGGTGTGGT | |
ERK 2-F | NM_175793.2 | AAGACGCAACACCTCAGCA |
ERK 2-R | AAGACGCAACACCTCAGCA | |
PPAR γ-F | NM_181024.2 | CGAGAAGGAGAAGCTGTTGG |
PPAR γ-R | TCAGCGGGAAGGACTTTATG | |
C/EBP α-F | NM_176784.2 | TGGACAAGAACAGCAACGAG |
C/EBP α-R | TCACTGGTCAACTCCAGCAC | |
ADPN-F | NM_015462053.1 | AGGCAGAAAGGGAGAACC |
ADPN-R | GTCGTGGTGAAGAGCAG | |
FAS-F | NM_001012669 | AGGACCTCGTGAAGGCTGTGA |
FAS-R | CCAAGGTCTGAAAGCGAGCTG | |
ACC-F | AJ132890 | CATCTTGTCCGAAACGTCGAT |
ACC-R | CCCTTCGAACATACACCTCCA | |
SREBP 1-F | NM_001113302 | CTTGGAGCGAGCACTGAATT |
SREBP 1-R | GGGCATCTGAGAACTCCTTGTC | |
AKT 2-F | NM_001206146.2 | GCCGAATAGGAGAACTGGGG |
AKT 2-R | CACGTCTGAGGTCGACACAA |
Raw Materials | Content (%) | Nutritional Ingredient | Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|
corn | 35.52 | dry matter | 87.63 |
soybean meal | 14.40 | crude protein | 13.70 |
wheat bran | 6.00 | crude fat | 3.20 |
straw | 40.00 | crude ash | 10.69 |
salt | 0.48 | crude fibre | 11.81 |
sodium bicarbonate | 0.60 | calcium | 0.96 |
premix | 3.00 | phosphorus | 0.62 |
total | 100 | Nacl | 0.50 |
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Zhang, X.; Xu, H.; Zhang, C.; Bai, J.; Song, J.; Hao, B.; Zhang, L.; Xia, G. Effects of Vitamin A on Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Their Preadipocytes by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Microflora. Animals 2022, 12, 1477. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12121477
Zhang X, Xu H, Zhang C, Bai J, Song J, Hao B, Zhang L, Xia G. Effects of Vitamin A on Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Their Preadipocytes by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Microflora. Animals. 2022; 12(12):1477. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12121477
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xinxin, Hongyan Xu, Congcong Zhang, Jinhui Bai, Jixuan Song, Beibei Hao, Luomeng Zhang, and Guangjun Xia. 2022. "Effects of Vitamin A on Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Their Preadipocytes by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Microflora" Animals 12, no. 12: 1477. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12121477