Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Detecting Gas Hydrates in the Subsurface
1.1.1. Strong Continuous and Weak Discontinuous BSRs
1.1.2. Advanced Studies of the BSRs and Gas Hydrate Relationship
1.2. Seismic Attenuation
2. Area of Study
2.1. Geologic Setting
2.2. Seismic Data
3. Methodology
3.1. Seismic Attribute Application: Frequency Attributes
3.2. Spectral Decomposition Application: Continuous Wavelet Transform
3.3. Attenuation Application: Sparse-Spike Decomposition
- (1)
- Extract tapered sections along the seismic trace by overlapping windows of a specified length. The size of this window length should be larger than the source waveform length.
- (2)
- Within each windowed section, a number of the largest amplitude peaks are identified at time tn and amplitude value An.
- (3)
- The windowed section of a specific length centered on each picked peak is extracted from the seismic trace.
4. Results
4.1. BSR and Seismic Amplitude
4.2. BSR and Frequency Attributes
4.3. BSR and Spectral Decomposition
4.4. BSR and Attenuation
5. Discussion
5.1. Gas Hydrate Attenuation in the Pegasus Basin
5.1.1. Observation 1: LFSZ and Attenuation
5.1.2. Observation 2: BSR Strength and Attenuation
5.1.3. Observation 3: Free Gas Migration and Q−1
5.1.4. Observation 4: No Direct Relationship with GHSZ
5.2. Summary of Methods
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intended Application | Seismic Attribute | Continuous Wavelet Transform | Sparse Spike Decomposition | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Instantaneous Frequency | Sweetness | |||
As Direct GH Indicator | X | X | X | Indirectly infers gas hydrate presence |
As a free gas Indicator | ✓ (via a LFSZ) | X | ✓ (via a LFSZ) | (High Attenuation) |
Discerning of strong BSRs | Low-Medium response. Difficult to distinguish from background geology. | High response | High Magnitude | High Attenuation |
Discerning of weak BSRs | Weak attribute response. Difficult to distinguish from background geology. | Low Sweetness, but can somewhat be discerned. | Weak magnitudes. Difficult to distinguish from background geology. | Can potentially vary, (eg. The high attenuation associated with the weak/non BSR region along the Alaminos Canyon 2D Line) |
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Clairmont, R.; Bedle, H.; Marfurt, K.; Wang, Y. Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence. Geosciences 2021, 11, 450. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/geosciences11110450
Clairmont R, Bedle H, Marfurt K, Wang Y. Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence. Geosciences. 2021; 11(11):450. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/geosciences11110450
Chicago/Turabian StyleClairmont, Roberto, Heather Bedle, Kurt Marfurt, and Yichuan Wang. 2021. "Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence" Geosciences 11, no. 11: 450. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/geosciences11110450