Cyst Nematode Infection Elicits Alteration in the Level of Reactive Nitrogen Species, Protein S-Nitrosylation and Nitration, and Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Growth Condition and Cyst Nematode Inoculation
2.2. Detection of Reactive Nitrogen Species with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
2.3. Crude Extract Preparation
2.4. Profiling of S-Nitrosylated Proteins Patterns
2.5. Profiling of 3-Nitrotyrosine-Containing Proteins Patterns
2.6. Glutathione Reductase (GR) Activity
2.7. Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity
2.8. Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR): Enzymatic Activity and Protein Level
2.8.1. Enzymatic Activity
2.8.2. Protein Gel Blot Analysis
2.8.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.8.4. Profiling of GSNOR Activity by Zymography in Native Polyacrylamide Gel
2.9. RNA Isolation and cDNA Synthesis
2.10. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.11. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Generation and Localization of Reactive Nitrogen Species
3.2. Protein S-Nitrosylation and Nitration
3.3. GSNOR Protein Level and Enzyme Activity
3.4. Activity of Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes
3.5. Alterations in Gene Transcript Level of GSNOR and HB1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Labudda, M.; Różańska, E.; Gietler, M.; Fidler, J.; Muszyńska, E.; Prabucka, B.; Morkunas, I. Cyst Nematode Infection Elicits Alteration in the Level of Reactive Nitrogen Species, Protein S-Nitrosylation and Nitration, and Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 795. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9090795
Labudda M, Różańska E, Gietler M, Fidler J, Muszyńska E, Prabucka B, Morkunas I. Cyst Nematode Infection Elicits Alteration in the Level of Reactive Nitrogen Species, Protein S-Nitrosylation and Nitration, and Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):795. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9090795
Chicago/Turabian StyleLabudda, Mateusz, Elżbieta Różańska, Marta Gietler, Justyna Fidler, Ewa Muszyńska, Beata Prabucka, and Iwona Morkunas. 2020. "Cyst Nematode Infection Elicits Alteration in the Level of Reactive Nitrogen Species, Protein S-Nitrosylation and Nitration, and Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 795. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox9090795