Development of Chitosan Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Bioactive Compounds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Magnetic Maghemite Nanoparticles and Magnetic Fluid
2.3. Synthesis of Chitosan Functionalization
2.3.1. Microemulsion Process
2.3.2. Suspension Cross-Linking Process
2.3.3. Covalent Binding Method
2.4. Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Chitosan Functionalized Metal Oxide Micro- and Nanoparticles
2.4.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.4.2. Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS)
2.4.3. Particle Size Analysis
2.4.4. Amino Group Determination
2.5. Preparation of GA- and PEHA-Activated Supports
2.6. Immobilization of HRP and ChOx on Chitosan Functionalized Maghemite Nanoparticles
2.6.1. Protein Assay for Immobilization Efficiency
2.6.2. Enzyme Activity Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Chitosan Functionalized Metal Oxide Micro- and Nanoparticles
3.1.1. Particle Size Analysis, SEM Analysis and TEM Analysis
3.1.2. Magnetic Properties of Chitosan Functionalized and Bare Metal Oxide
3.1.3. Determination of the Number of Available Amino Groups
3.2. Chitosan Functionalized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Enzyme Immobilization
3.2.1. Immobilization of HRP and ChOx Using GA as an Activation Reagent
3.2.2. Immobilization of ChOX Using PEHA as Activation Reagent
3.2.3. Stability of Immobilized ChOX
4. Outcome of the Different Coating Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters/Method | Microemulsion Process (MC1) | Suspension Cross-Linking Process (MC2) | Covalent Binding (MC3) |
---|---|---|---|
Process Temperature | 40 °C, then 70 °C | room temperature | room temperature |
Stirring | Ultrasonic (30 min), mechanical (120 min) | Ultrasonic (30 min), mechanical (4 h) | Ultrasonic (60 min), mechanical (12 h) |
Size distribution | 5–350 μm | 10–200 μm | 50–100 nm |
Mean diameter | 68.5 μm | 44.2 μm | 58.8 nm |
Saturation magnetization (Ms) | 4.0 emu/g | 44.1 emu/g | 14.2 emu/g |
Properties | MC2 | MC3 |
---|---|---|
Mean diameter | 44.2 µm | 58.8 nm |
Saturation magnetization | 44.1 emu/g | 14.2 emu/g |
Available amino groups | 0.02 mmol/g | 2.48 mmol/g |
Immobilization efficiency | 35.0% | 37.2% |
Residual activity | 79.0% | 47.1% |
Reusability after 7 cycle | 0% | 13% |
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Hojnik Podrepšek, G.; Knez, Ž.; Leitgeb, M. Development of Chitosan Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Bioactive Compounds. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1913. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10101913
Hojnik Podrepšek G, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Development of Chitosan Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Bioactive Compounds. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(10):1913. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10101913
Chicago/Turabian StyleHojnik Podrepšek, Gordana, Željko Knez, and Maja Leitgeb. 2020. "Development of Chitosan Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Bioactive Compounds" Nanomaterials 10, no. 10: 1913. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10101913