The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes
Abstract
:1. The Carbapenem Resistance Issue: The Importance to Mesh the Aquatic Environment
2. Carbapenemases: A Clinical Success Story
2.1. Class A
2.2. Class B
2.3. Class D
3. Presence of CPB in Aquatic Environments: A Simply Remnant of Human Activities or an History a Little Bit More Complex Than That?
3.1. Emergence of CPE in Aquatic Environments: As a Consequence of Anthropic Activities
3.2. Providing Persistence and Dissemination of CEG in Aquatic Environments: As an Opportunity for CPE
3.3. Carbapenemase-Producing Environmental Bacteria: The Chicken or the Egg?
4. The Bacterial Shuttle Concept: When Hydric Autochtonous Bacteria Play a Role of “Genes-Mule”
4.1. Aeromonas Spp.
4.2. Pseudomonas Spp.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hammer-Dedet, F.; Jumas-Bilak, E.; Licznar-Fajardo, P. The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 699. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9100699
Hammer-Dedet F, Jumas-Bilak E, Licznar-Fajardo P. The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(10):699. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9100699
Chicago/Turabian StyleHammer-Dedet, Florence, Estelle Jumas-Bilak, and Patricia Licznar-Fajardo. 2020. "The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes" Antibiotics 9, no. 10: 699. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9100699