Increased Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase 8 and cAMP Are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Demographic Data of Study Population
2.2. Plasma Levels of ADCY Proteins, Obesity and Diabetes
2.3. Plasma Levels of ADCY Proteins and Biomedical Parameters
2.4. cAMP Plasma Levels
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Study Design
5.2. Study Population
5.3. Blood Collection, Anthropometric, and Biochemical Measurements
5.4. Quantitative Analysis of Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase Proteins
5.5. Quantitative Analysis of cAMP Plasma Levels
5.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Abbreviations
ADCY | adenylate cyclase |
BMI | body mass index |
cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
FPG | fasting plasma glucose |
HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin |
T2D | type 2 diabetes |
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Phenotype | T2D (n) | ND (n) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 52.13 ± 9.15 (92) | 43.3 ± 12.782 (96) | <0.001 |
Gender (F/M) | 43/49 | 69/27 | 0.143 |
Height, m | 1.65 ± 0.08 (91) | 1.63 ± 0.10 (96) | 0.073 |
Weight, Kg | 87.06 ± 14.82 (91) | 78.36 ± 18.78 (96) | 0.001 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 31.60 ± 4.32 (92) | 29.26 ± 5.36 (96) | 0.001 |
WHR | 0.96 ± 0.19 (64) | 0.85 ± 0.09 (67) | <0.001 |
FPG, mmol/L | 8.35 ± 3.03 (91) | 5.30 ± 0.82 (94) | <0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 7.75 ± 1.84 (90) | 5.58 ± 0.50 (92) | <0.001 |
Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.96 ± 1.35 (90) | 5.20 ± 0.94 (95) | 0.158 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.19 ± 0.48 (89) | 1.41 ± 0.41 (95) | 0.001 |
LDL, mmol/L | 3.08 ± 1.15 (88) | 3.27 ± 0.87 (95) | 0.226 |
TGL, mmol/L | 1.63 ± 1.20 (90) | 1.13 ± 0.67 (94) | 0.001 |
Insulin, U/L | 14.86 ± 10.02 (70) | 9.70 ± 5.44 (57) | <0.001 |
Phenotype | T2D | ND | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Obese (n) | Obese (n) | p-value | Non-obese (n) | Obese (n) | p-value | |
Age, years | 51.85 ± 9.37 (34) | 52.29 ± 9.10 (58) | 0.827 | 42.00 ± 12.30 (56) | 45.13 ± 13.37 (40) | 0.247 |
Gender (F/M) | 14/20 | 29/29- | 0.517 | 42/14 | 27/13 | 0.492 |
Height, m | 1.65 ± 0.07 (33) | 1.66 ± 0.09 (58) | 0.821 | 1.62 ± 0.09 (56) | 1.65 ± 0.11 (40) | 0.155 |
Weight, Kg | 73.69 ± 9.00 (33) | 94.66 ± 11.79 (58) | <0.001 | 67.12 ± 10.95 (56) | 94.10 ± 15.96 (40) | <0.001 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 26.80 ± 2.33 (34) | 34.41 ± 2.22 (58) | <0.001 | 25.57 ± 2.89 (56) | 34.43 ± 3.33 (40) | <0.001 |
WHR | 0.91 ± 0.06 (22) | 0.98 ± 0.23 (42) | 0.077 | 0.83 ± 0.10 (39) | 0.88 ± 0.07 (28) | 0.020 |
FPG, mmol/L | 7.44 ± 2.35 (33) | 8.87 ± 3.26 (58) | 0.018 | 5.10 ± 0.43 (54) | 5.57 ± 1.11 (40) | 0.016 |
HbA1c, % | 6.76 ± 1.26 (32) | 8.30 ± 1.88 (58) | <0.001 | 5.54 ± 0.42 (52) | 5.63 ± 0.59 (40) | 0.447 |
Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.94 ± 1.65 (33) | 4.97 ± 1.15 (57) | 0.919 | 5.23 ± 0.93 (55) | 5.17 ± 0.95 (40) | 0.770 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.22 ± 0.63 (33) | 1.17 ± 0.36 (56) | 0.658 | 1.46 ± 0.45 (55) | 1.35 ± 0.36 (40) | 0.178 |
LDL, mmol/L | 3.12 ± 1.33 (33) | 3.06 ± 1.04 (55) | 0.836 | 3.25 ± 0.86 (55) | 3.29 ± 0.89 (40) | 0.799 |
TGL, mmol/L | 1.56 ± 1.11 (33) | 1.67 ± 1.26 (57) | 0.652 | 1.06 ± 0.72 (54) | 1.22 ± 0.61 (40) | 0.252 |
Insulin, U/L | 15.68 ± 11.05 (27) | 14.34 ± 9.41 (43) | 0.603 | 9.39 ± 5.94 (39) | 10.38 ± 4.23 (18) | 0.474 |
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Abdel-Halim, S.M.; Al Madhoun, A.; Nizam, R.; Melhem, M.; Cherian, P.; Al-Khairi, I.; Haddad, D.; Abu-Farha, M.; Abubaker, J.; Bitar, M.S.; et al. Increased Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase 8 and cAMP Are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. Biology 2020, 9, 244. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090244
Abdel-Halim SM, Al Madhoun A, Nizam R, Melhem M, Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Haddad D, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Bitar MS, et al. Increased Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase 8 and cAMP Are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. Biology. 2020; 9(9):244. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090244
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdel-Halim, Samy M., Ashraf Al Madhoun, Rasheeba Nizam, Motasem Melhem, Preethi Cherian, Irina Al-Khairi, Dania Haddad, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Jehad Abubaker, Milad S. Bitar, and et al. 2020. "Increased Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase 8 and cAMP Are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study" Biology 9, no. 9: 244. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology9090244