Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Functions of Small-Molecule Compounds during Adventitious Rooting
2.1. Nitric Oxide (NO)
2.2. Hydrogen Gas (H2) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
2.3. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
2.4. Methane (CH4)
2.5. Ethylene (ETH)
2.6. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
3. Cross-Talk between Small-Molecule Compounds during Adventitious Root Development
3.1. NO and Other Signaling Molecules
3.1.1. NO and CO
3.1.2. NO and H2
3.1.3. NO and ETH
3.1.4. NO and CH4
3.1.5. NO and H2S
3.1.6. NO and H2O2
3.2. CO and Other Signaling Molecules
3.2.1. CO and H2
3.2.2. CO and H2S
3.2.3. CO and CH4
3.3. Crosstalk between Other Signaling Molecules
4. Some Related Genes during Adventitious Root Development Induced by Small-Molecule Compounds
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Small-Molecule Compounds | Plant Species | Small Signal Molecule Mediated Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
NO | Marigold | NO can trigger AR development and enhances endogenous H2O2 levels | [23] |
IAAO, POD, and PPO↑ | [27] | ||
NR and NOS can contribute to NO production to induce AR development | [16] | ||
Cucumber | NO induces AR formation through NOS and NR pathways | [24,25] | |
NO can trigger AR development in a cGMP-dependent manner | [17] | ||
NO can induce AR formation and up-regulate cell cycle-related genes | [7] | ||
PPO↑; POD and IAAO↓ | [30] | ||
Two NO-releasing compounds, NOS-like and DAO, trigger AR formation | [19] | ||
NR and NOS promote AR development and up-regulate their gene relative expression levels | [10] | ||
Ground-cover chrysanthemum | PPO, IAAO, WSC, and total nitrogen↑; total polyphenol content↓ | [28] | |
Mountain ginseng | CAT, POD, APX, DHAR, GR, NADPH, and O2−↑ | [29] | |
H2 | Cucumber | H2 upregulates cell cycle-related genes and promotes AR formation | [7] |
50% HRW significantly induces adventitious rooting and POD, PPO, and IAAO↑ | [30] | ||
Marigold | RWC, WSC, starch, soluble protein content, POD, PPO, and IAAO↑; stomatal aperture and electrolyte leakage↓ | [5] | |
H2S | Cucumber | 10 μM NaHS triggers AR development | [16] |
H2S can induce AR primordia | [40] | ||
Willow | Endogenous H2S, IAA, and NO↑ | [38] | |
Soybean | Endogenous H2S, IAA, and NO↑ | [38] | |
CO | Mung bean | NO fluorescence↑ | [41] |
Cucumber | 10 μM hemin and hematin can significantly induce AR development in cucumber | [17,42] | |
CH4 | Cucumber | 80% MRW increases root length and number | [19] |
CH4-induced adventitious rooting of cucumber explants requires γ-glutamyl cysteine SGH | [40,47] | ||
ETH | Cucumber | Exposure of cucumber explants to ETH up-regulated NOS and NR activity and their gene relative expression levels | [10] |
Marigold | IAAO, POD, and PPO↑ | [27] | |
H2O2 | Cucumber | 10–50 and 20–40 μM H2O2, respectively, increases the weight and number of AR respectively | [59] |
Marigold | 200 μM H2O2 significantly induces root length and root number | [23] | |
IBA and H2O2 may act synergistically to mediate adventitious rooting | [26] | ||
Ground-cover chrysanthemum | PPO, IAAO, WSC, and total nitrogen↑; total polyphenol content↓ | [28] |
Small-Molecule Compounds | Plant Species | Stress Condition | Small Signal Molecule Mediated Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO | Cucumber | Osmotic stress | Fv/Fm, ɸPSII, qP, NPQ, SOD, CAT, and APX↑; H2O2 and O2−↓ | [22] |
Marigold | Drought stress | chl (a+b) content, Fv/Fm, ɸPS II and qP, and soluble carbohydrate and protein content↑; starch content↓ | [16] | |
Rice | AsV stress | APX↑ | [31] | |
H2 | Cucumber | Drought stress | RWC, leaf chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, ɸPSII and qP, SOD, POD, CAT, and APX↑ | [18] |
Cd stress | DHA, GSSG, APX, DHAR, MDHAR, GR, POD, and PPO↑; MDA, H2O2, O2−, TBARS, AsA, GSH, REC, LOX, and IAAO↓ | [34] | ||
CO | Cucumber | Drought stress | leaf chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, CAT, and APX↑; RWC↓ | [18] |
H2O2 | Marigold | Drought stress | chl (a + b) content, Fv/Fm, ɸPS II and qP, and soluble carbohydrate and protein content↑; starch content↓ | [16] |
Gene Functions | Plant Species | Small Signal Molecules-Mediated Genes | Small Signal Molecules | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cell cycle regulation | Cucumber | CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5 | NO and ETH | [64] |
CycA, CycB, CDKA, and CDKB, | NO and H2 | [7] | ||
CsCDC6, CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5, and CsDNAJ-1 | CH4 | [40,47] | ||
Adventitious rooting-related | Cucumber | CsDNAJ-1 and CsCDPK1/5 | NO and ETH | [10] |
CsDNAJ-1 and CsCDPK1/5 | H2 and CO | [64] | ||
CsDNAJ-1 and CsCDPK1/5 | H2S and CO | [39] | ||
CsDNAJ-1 and CsCDPK1/5 | CH4 and CO | [65] | ||
CsHO1 | NO, H2S, and CO | [17,62] | ||
CsmiR160 and CsmiR167 | CH4 | [47] | ||
Auxin-response | Arabidopsis | ARF6, ARF 8, and ARF17 | ETH | [67] |
Cucumber | CsAUX22B-like and CsAUX22D-like | H2 | [64] | |
CsAux22D-like and CsAux22B-like | CH4 | [40,47] |
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Deng, Y.; Wang, C.; Wang, N.; Wei, L.; Li, W.; Yao, Y.; Liao, W. Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 420. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom9090420
Deng Y, Wang C, Wang N, Wei L, Li W, Yao Y, Liao W. Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(9):420. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom9090420
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Yuzheng, Chunlei Wang, Ni Wang, Lijuan Wei, Weifang Li, Yandong Yao, and Weibiao Liao. 2019. "Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development" Biomolecules 9, no. 9: 420. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom9090420