Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works
2.1. Traditional Approaches to FC Analysis
2.2. Application of VAEs in fMRI Domain
2.3. Application of CVAEs in fMRI Domain
2.4. Functional Connectivity in ASD
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Dataset
3.2. Data Preprocessing
3.3. Variational Autoencoder (VAE)
3.4. Conditional VAE
3.5. Experimental Setup
3.6. VAE Performance Evaluations
3.7. Functional Connectivity Analysis
4. Results
4.1. VAE Performance Evaluations
4.2. Functional Connectivity Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASD | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
TD | Typically Developing |
FC | Functional Connectivity |
fMRI | functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
BOLD | Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent |
CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
RNN | Recurrent Neural Network |
VAE | Variational Autoencoder |
CVAE | Conditional Variational Autoencoder |
DMN | Default Mode Network |
PCC | Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient |
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Model | Cosine Similarity | PCC | L1 TD | L1 ASD |
---|---|---|---|---|
CNN | 0.9930 | 0.6551 | 0.0693 | 0.0781 |
RNN | 0.9817 | 0.6105 | 0.0728 | 0.0819 |
CNN and RNN | 0.9820 | 0.6356 | 0.0717 | 0.0803 |
Model | Cosine Similarity | PCC | L1 ASD | L1 TD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conditional CNN | 0.9961 | 0.7165 | 0.0643 | 0.0733 |
Conditional RNN | 0.9818 | 0.6382 | 0.0681 | 0.077 |
Conditional CNN and RNN | 0.9825 | 0.6558 | 0.0687 | 0.0778 |
Model Architecture | Unconditional FC Similarity | Conditional FC Similarity |
---|---|---|
CNN | 0.35 | 0.70 |
RNN | 0.66 | 0.80 |
CNN parallel with RNN | 0.78 | 0.85 |
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Sidulova, M.; Park, C.H. Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 1209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering10101209
Sidulova M, Park CH. Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study. Bioengineering. 2023; 10(10):1209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering10101209
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidulova, Mariia, and Chung Hyuk Park. 2023. "Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study" Bioengineering 10, no. 10: 1209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering10101209