Design and Analysis of an Automobile Disc Brake Rotor by Using Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite for High Reliability
, Harish Kumar Garg 3, Sthitapragyan Maharana 2, Appusamy Muniappan 4, M. K. Loganathan 5, Tien V. T. Nguyen 6 and V. Vijayan 7
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
1. Why the particle size selected is so high i.e. ~75µm? The fine particle size can significantly increase the strength as compared to the selected particle size.
2. Sentences – “The Materials and Methods should be 150 described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on the published 151 results. Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make 152 all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available 153 to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of 154 materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while 155 well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited” is irrelevant. Kindly remove these statements.
3. Fig. 1. Magnification of the figure (a) is very low and it does not show any relevant information. Where is EDS obtained?
4. Did authors conduct the experimental validation?
5. It seems that this is just the supplementary part of the authors original research published as reference [38]. However, the original motive of the authors was to study the machining characteristics of the fabricated composite. Also, the primary requirement for the brake applications is an excellent tribological performance of the composite material which is nowhere reported by the authors in the present study. Moreover, there are many studies available on the Al-SiC-Gr composite fabricated through stir casting route and thus the paper lack novelty also. Based on these comments the present manuscript paper should be rejected.
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing your feedback. I/We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Below please find the answers and actions taken to address your comments.
Comment 1: Why the particle size selected is so high i.e. ~75µm? The fine particle size can significantly increase the strength as compared to the selected particle size.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this point. I/we wanted to use more small particle size, but they were not available at that time and was hard to arrange but we will focus on them in our upcoming research.
Comment 2: Sentences – “The Materials and Methods should be described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on the published 151 results. Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make 152 all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available 153 to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of 154 materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while 155 well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited” is irrelevant. Kindly remove these statements.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We have accidentally added this data but now this has been fixed.
Comment 3: Fig. 1. Magnification of the figure (a) is very low, and it does not show any relevant information. Where is EDS obtained?
Response: You have raised an important point here. The SEM image has been replaced with a new one that also shows where EDS has been done.
Comment 4: Did the authors conduct the experimental validation?
Response: You have raised an important point here. Actually, I/we really wanted to add the actual experimental results, but I/we are still working on some phases and will definitely publish them in the next paper/research.
Reviewer 2 Report
Dear Authors
The reviewed work analyzes an automobile disc brake rotor made of a hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite and compares the results with a disc brake made of the usual MMC (Al6061/SiC) and cast iron. Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that the advanced material could replace the cast iron-based brake discs because the strength, stiffness, and thermal conditions of the brake disc made of Al / SiC / Gr are sufficient. According to the authors, the studied hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite can also be used in developing braking system components, i.e., brake pads and calipers.
I find the article interesting and potentially worth publishing. However, I bring a few comments for consideration by the authors:
1. Article title, there is a typo in word "aluminium" in American and Canadian English is "aluminum". Please check the whole article, e.g. on line 64.
2. Line 21. The statement "The metal matrix composites have always been high in demand in automobile sectors" is false. MMCs in the late 1950s were used in the aerospace and automotive industries in the late 1970s and early 1980s. So not "always" and not "high in demand".
3. Line 22. "incredible capabilities"? "Incredible" is not a very scientific word. I suggest changing or removing it.
4. Line 53. "strength to weight ratio", better "specific strength" or "strength to mass ratio". In common usage, the mass of an object is often referred to as its "weight", but in scientific contexts, "mass" is correct.
5. Line 82. Should "Braking system come with proportional and appropriate weights" or should have appropriate capacity? What about reliability?
6. Lines 120-123. The fragment "The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The materials and the methodology used in this study is in section 2. The finite element analysis is explored in section 3. All the results and main discussions are made in section 4. The conclusion of the study is provided in the last section." explains a typical known organizational structure of the scientific article. I'm not sure if it's needed.
7. Line 144. Please standardize the notation Al6061/SiC12%/Gr5% or Al6061/SiC/Gr?
8. Lines 152-156. Statement "Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make 152 all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available 153 to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of 154 materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited." Is redundant in the article.
9. Line 157. Table 1 should also contain the material data of the cast iron. Is this a gray iron? It should be detailed. The "Hardness (H)" is according to the Vickers method? It should be "HV".
10. Line 185. Figure 2. The yellow background is superfluous, and the axis of symmetry is missing.
11. Line 186. Markings in Figure 3 are inconsistent and incompatible with Table 3. Figure 2 shows "Brake disc thickness" and Table 3 shows "Rotor's thickness (T)". The label "Brake disk (rotor) is redundant. This information is in the caption of the drawing, and it also conflicts with the label "Working surface of the disc".
12. Line 188. I do not know the "Contact area" parameter (Table 3). Additionally the axle weight distribution ratio (Ar) is not sufficiently commented. Why isn't a car weight transfer included? (that happens when a car's weight moves around its roll center when braking or turning).
13. Line 190, table 4. Please check the correct spelling of the units (incorrect capital letters).
14. Line 243. The temperature results obtained in Fig. 5 raise doubts. The maximum temperatures of the Al/SiC12%/Gr5% target and the cast iron target are the same. At the same time, the massic heat capacity of both materials differs significantly.
15. Lines 250-251. "maximum operational temperature of aluminum-based composite (525°C)" it should be "maximum service (or operation) temperature of aluminum-based composite" (525°C)". Doubts are raised by the high temperature, over 500 degrees Celsius. Typical commercial 6xxx alloys quickly lose their strength and other properties at temperatures above 250 °C due to the rapid coarsening of their strengthening precipitates. Please provide a literature source giving a temperature of use over 500 degrees Celsius.
16. General comment, all variables in formulas should be in italics.
I recommend the article for publication in "major revision" mode.
Sincerely
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing your feedback. I/We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Below please find the answers and actions taken to address your comments.
Comment 1: Article title, there is a typo in word "aluminium" in American and Canadian English is "aluminum". Please check the whole article, e.g. on line 64.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point and now it’s only ‘aluminium’ in the manuscript.
Comment 2: Line 21. The statement "The metal matrix composites have always been high in demand in automobile sectors" is false. MMCs in the late 1950s were used in the aerospace and automotive industries in the late 1970s and early 1980s. So not "always" and not "high in demand".
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We have accidentally added this point, but now this has been fixed.
Comment 3: Line 22. "incredible capabilities"? "Incredible" is not a very scientific word. I suggest changing or removing it.
Response: You have raised an important point here and now this has issue been fixed.
Comment 4: Line 53. "strength to weight ratio", better "specific strength" or "strength to mass ratio". In common usage, the mass of an object is often referred to as its "weight", but in scientific contexts, "mass" is correct.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 5: Line 82. Should "Braking system come with proportional and appropriate weights" or should have appropriate capacity? What about reliability?
Response: The authors do agree that the capacity and reliability are primary characteristics, which are taken into consideration while designing the braking system. In addition to capacity and reliability, the braking systems should be efficient and effective. The reliability means the failure -free operation of the system for a long run. The brakes with better efficiency and effectiveness shall provide maximum braking effect under constant and prolonged application of the brakes. Though the design ensures better characteristics, yet the friction generated during operation cause degradation of the brake pads and rotors, thus leading to low reliability. Therefore, designing the braking system components such as disc rotor and disc pads with proper materials is extremely important in order to achieve better operational reliability of the braking system. A statement to this effect is added in the manuscript.
Comment 6: Lines 120-123. The fragment "The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The materials and the methodology used in this study is in section 2. The finite element analysis is explored in section 3. All the results and main discussions are made in section 4. The conclusion of the study is provided in the last section." explains a typical known organizational structure of the scientific article. I'm not sure if it's needed.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We think that by explaining the paper’s outline in the end of the introduction section it will be easy for the readers to understand the overall structure of the paper.
Comment 7: Line 144. Please standardize the notation Al6061/SiC12%/Gr5% or Al6061/SiC/Gr?
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point and now it’s only ‘Al6061/SiC/Gr’ in the manuscript.
Comment 8: Lines 152-156. Statement "Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make 152 all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available 153 to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of 154 materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited." Is redundant in the article.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We have accidentally added this data but now this has been fixed.
Comment 9: Line 157. Table 1 should also contain the material data of the cast iron. Is this a gray iron? It should be detailed. The "Hardness (H)" is according to the Vickers method? It should be "HV".
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 10: Line 185. Figure 2. The yellow background is superfluous, and the axis of symmetry is missing.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 11: Line 186. Markings in Figure 3 are inconsistent and incompatible with Table 3. Figure 2 shows "Brake disc thickness" and Table 3 shows "Rotor's thickness (T)". The label "Brake disk (rotor) is redundant. This information is in the caption of the drawing, and it also conflicts with the label "Working surface of the disc".
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 12: Line 188. I do not know the "Contact area" parameter (Table 3). Additionally the axle weight distribution ratio (Ar) is not sufficiently commented. Why isn't a car weight transfer included? (that happens when a car's weight moves around its roll center when braking or turning).
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 13: Line 190, table 4. Please check the correct spelling of the units (incorrect capital letters).
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 14: Line 243. The temperature results obtained in Fig. 5 raise doubts. The maximum temperatures of the Al/SiC12%/Gr5% target and the cast iron target are the same. At the same time, the massic heat capacity of both materials differs significantly.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 15: Lines 250-251. "maximum operational temperature of aluminum-based composite (525°C)" it should be "maximum service (or operation) temperature of aluminum-based composite" (525°C)". Doubts are raised by the high temperature, over 500 degrees Celsius. Typical commercial 6xxx alloys quickly lose their strength and other properties at temperatures above 250 °C due to the rapid coarsening of their strengthening precipitates. Please provide a literature source giving a temperature of use over 500 degrees Celsius.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 16: General comment, all variables in formulas should be in italics.
Response: You have raised an important point here. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Reviewer 3 Report
Commentary for authors
1. The title of the article does not match the content. Reliability is a broader concept Object reliability is determined by the probability of occurrence of an event described by the definition: R(t)=Pr{t≥r}, where: R(t) - reliability, t - time of operation without failure. r- assumed working time
2. The SiC and Gr are selected as reinforcements due to their unique sets of prop- 136
erties and previous results [34-36]. As they both are hard ceramic materials and by adding 137
them up in the selected matrix alloy the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hard- 138
ness is rapidly increased as compared to the previously used traditional composite in the 139 automobile applications. According to the reviewer, graphite is soft (Mohs 1). Please better document Line 136–139
3. Fig.1 should be better described in the text and the quality of the photo and SEM description improved (fig.1a)
4. Table 2 what hardness is given in the table (method. Units)
5. Figures 2 and 3 are obvious, please reduce to one figure
6. It is necessary to describe Table 6 in more detail. The results will appear without showing the assumptions made.
7. The following sentences are illogical and incomprehensible to the reviewer (???good temperature distribution ……can lead to the decline of heat generation)
Moreover, from this analysis, the 252
good temperature distribution in Al/SiC/Gr based brake rotor can lead to the decline of 253
heat generation, which mainly produce the hot spot zones. All these results concluded 254
that Al/SiC/Gr brake disc acquired better thermal property as compared to traditional material.
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing your feedback. I/We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Below please find the answers and actions taken to address your comments.
Comment 1: The title of the article does not match the content. Reliability is a broader concept Object reliability is determined by the probability of occurrence of an event described by the definition: R(t)=Pr{t≥r}, where: R(t) - reliability, t - time of operation without failure. r- assumed working time
Response: The authors thank the reviewer for the comment. The authors fully agree that the reliability is broader concept, and the object reliability is determined by the probability of occurrence of an event described by the R(t)=Pr{t≥r}, where: R(t) - reliability, t - time of operation without failure. r- assumed working time. It is to be kindly noted that the research work carried so far does not evaluate the reliability metric for the brake pad and rotor. The work presents the design and development of the brake pad and rotor using novel material, i.e., Al/SiC/Gr, for enhanced operational reliability. Hence, the discussion included in the paper highlights only the properties / characteristics of the newly developed material for improving the reliability, not providing any analytical solution for reliability evaluation. However, this aspect shall be included in the future work.
Comment 2: The SiC and Gr are selected as reinforcements due to their unique sets of properties and previous results [34-36]. As they both are hard ceramic materials and by adding 137 them up in the selected matrix alloy the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hard- 138ness is rapidly increased as compared to the previously used traditional composite in the 139 automobile applications. According to the reviewer, graphite is soft (Mohs 1). Please better document Line 136–139
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 3: Fig.1 should be better described in the text and the quality of the photo and SEM description improved (fig.1a)
Response: You have raised an important point here. The SEM image has been replaced with a new one that also shows where EDS been done.
Comment 4: Table 2 what hardness is given in the table (method. Units)
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point. The "Hardness (Hv)" is according to the Vickers method. Units "HV".
Comment 5: Figures 2 and 3 are obvious, please reduce to one figure.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We think that by keeping both figures will help readers to understand the structure of the brake rotor.
Comment 6: It is necessary to describe Table 6 in more detail. The results will appear without showing the assumptions made.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Comment 7: The following sentences are illogical and incomprehensible to the reviewer (???good temperature distribution ……can lead to the decline of heat generation)
Moreover, from this analysis, the 252 good temperature distribution in Al/SiC/Gr based brake rotor can lead to the decline of 253 heat generation, which mainly produce the hot spot zones. All these results concluded 254 that Al/SiC/Gr brake disc acquired better thermal property as compared to traditional material.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point.
Reviewer 4 Report
The aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composite has attracted considerable research interest because it can be used as an automobile disc brake plates. This manuscript focuses on the discussion of the properties of the advanced aluminum-based hybrid matrix composite based on the numerical analysis. There are a few things that need to be revised in this manuscript:
1) Both "aluminum" and "aluminium" appeared in the manuscript. Please check and unify.
2) Please improve the figures shown in this manuscript with higher resolution. The current graphics are not clear enough.
3) For Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please label graphics as (a), (b), (c), and (d). In addition, please provide detailed captions of these two figures as well.
4) What is FEA in the line 287? Is it Finite Element Analysis?
5) Both Al6061/SiC/Gr and Al/SiC/Gr are in the manuscript. Are they the same? Please unify!
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing your feedback. I/We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Below please find the answers and actions taken to address your comments.
Comment 1: Both "aluminum" and "aluminium" appeared in the manuscript. Please check and unify.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point and now it’s only ‘aluminium’ in the manuscript.
Comment 2: Please improve the figures shown in this manuscript with higher resolution. The current graphics are not clear enough.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We have fixed this point.
Comment 3: For Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please label graphics as (a), (b), (c), and (d). In addition, please provide detailed captions of these two figures as well.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We have fixed this point.
Comment 4: What is FEA in the line 287? Is it Finite Element Analysis?
Response: Yes, FEA means Finite Element Analysis as this one explains in List of Abbreviations
Comment 5: Both Al6061/SiC/Gr and Al/SiC/Gr are in the manuscript. Are they the same? Please unify!
Response: Thank you for pointing this out. I/We agree with this and have fixed this point and now it’s only ‘Al6061/SiC/Gr’ in the manuscript.
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
This study lacks novelty. Also, the authors did not respond satisfactorily to the comments raised. This manuscript should be rejected.
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing feedback. We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. The other reviewers think the publication is worth some innovation.
Thanks for the time to review this manuscript.
Reviewer 2 Report
Dear authors, Thank you for taking into account my "stylistic" comments (on the occasion of correcting the word "aluminum", an error was introduced in the title of the publication in line 319, "Application of hybrid aluminum matrix composite in automotive industry"). The authors corrected "Aluminum" to "Aluminum" (GB English), but the title of the cited publication should not be changed.
By the way, please consider whether the phrase "very new and innovative" (line 293) is correct or it is not a double pleonasm. Additionally, is the statement (line 295) "In the process of manufacturing the brake rotors with hybrid metal matrix composite for an efficient braking system, thermal and structural analysis played a major role" correct? Is such an analysis critical for the designing or manufacturing stage of brake discs?
Unfortunately, I am not fully satisfied with the answer to my fifth comment. In the "Conclusions" section, the authors added, "Al6061/SiC/Gr is safe as it shows better operational reliability characteristics" and therefore does not provide any such characteristics. As it is known, some common reliability characteristics include: availability (the percentage of time that a system is operational and available for use), Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), Failure Rate (number of fails per unit of time). The authors investigated other parameters that indicate potential improvement in (unknown, not specified) "reliability characteristics" of brake disc, so I believe that "Al6061/SiC/Gr is safe as it shows better operational reliability characteristics" is untrue. Please reformulate it so that it is consistent with the results of the analyzes performed.
Sincerely
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing feedback. We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Changes are highlighted in the revised manuscript.
All the mentioned points in the second review are revised in this version.
Thanks.
Reviewer 3 Report
The reviewer regrets that the authors did not carefully revise the manuscript.
For example: in the title, the word reliability can be changed to durability; Fig.3 does not add anything to Fig.2 and contains 2 identical illustrations; table 2 Poisson's ratio is an indefinite number, Vickers hardness can be measured at various loads and the unit is N per square millimeter; the authors declare a correction but do not perform it (see comment 2, first revision), etc. there are more errors.
Please carefully follow the correction recommended in the first revision.
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing feedback. We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article. Changes are highlighted in the revised manuscript.
All the mentioned points in the second review are revised in this version.
Thanks.
Reviewer 4 Report
The revised manuscript is much better than the original one. Thanks for the response and revision.
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing feedback. We appreciate your comments which are very helpful for the revision of this article.
Thanks.
Round 3
Reviewer 2 Report
Dear authors
All my comments have been adressed in revised article, and therefore I believe the article is suitable for publication.
Sincerely
Author Response
Thank you very much for providing feedback. We appreciate your comments which were very helpful for the revision of this article.
Thanks for the time to review this manuscript.
Reviewer 3 Report
Dear authors
The reviewer asks the authors to carefully review the manuscript and make editorial corrections. It is not the reviewer's role to find all editorial errors, but to make a general substantive assessment. The reviewer appreciates the work of the authors and the importance of the issues raised because he conducted research on the machining of brake discs made of Al/SiC composite many years ago.
Below are some comments that the authors have not yet corrected
Fig.1a requires a text description of how the Al, SiC, Gr phases were identified, and how the surface was prepared. These are important data if we present a metallographic photo. Fig.1b provides less information and is too exposed in relation to Fig.1a.
Table 6. in the SI system, we write the second with a lowercase letter , similarly 103 we use a lowercase letter k , also Al/Si/Gr without percentages. From which literature the coefficient of friction µ=0.55 was taken
The reviewer cannot understand the stubbornness of the authors regarding Fig.3 and forcing two identical images of the brake disc. The inner side of the shield is described as front. The brake disc is not a peculiar part and is distinguished by most car owners. I think the scientific community will know what a brake disc looks like.
The conclusions are very general and refer to the obtained results to a moderate extent, e.g. table 6, the temperature of 200 and 320oC, and what is acceptable for the safe operation of the brake disc. The reviewer claims that cast iron can be operated at a higher temperature. The fundamental problem in the use of aluminum-based materials is its lower operating temperature. Please refer to this issue in the conclusions. Is it possible to use an aluminum alloy with the same design of the brake disc and the accumulated braking energy (Table 6) if the temperature obtained in the calculations is significantly higher?
Author Response
Dear Editor,
Journal: Journal of Composites Science (MDPI)
Manuscript ID: jcs-2089040
Title: “Design and Analysis of an Automobile Disc Brake Rotor by using Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite for high Reliability”
Thank you very much for providing the feedback from the all the reviewers. We appreciate the reviewers comments that are very helpful for the revision of this article. Below please find the answers and actions taken to address these comments. Changes are highlighted in the revised manuscript. The locations of these changes have been mentioned, where possible, in the action points that respond to the reviewers’ comments.
Please find below the responses to the reviewer’s comments.
Reviewer #3: Commented as follow
The reviewer asks the authors to carefully review the manuscript and make editorial corrections. It is not the reviewer's role to find all editorial errors, but to make a general substantive assessment. The reviewer appreciates the work of the authors and the importance of the issues raised because he conducted research on the machining of brake discs made of Al/SiC composite many years ago.
Below are some comments that the authors have not yet corrected
#1: Fig.1a requires a text description of how the Al, SiC, Gr phases were identified, and how the surface was prepared. These are important data if we present a metallographic photo. Fig.1b provides less information and is too exposed in relation to Fig.1a.
Answer:
I used several different advanced machines and techniques during the sample preparation. In this project, I used an NBD-O1200 vacuum tube annealing furnace and a microscope to anneal the sectioned samples and examine the microstructure, respectively.
Sample preparation
#2: Table 6. in the SI system, we write the second with a lowercase letter , similarly 103 we use a lowercase letter k , also Al/Si/Gr without percentages. From this literature the coefficient of friction µ=0.55 was taken.
Answer:
We performed as a pin on the disc and compute the friction coefficient from there. I also added the percentages.
#3: The reviewer cannot understand the stubbornness of the authors regarding Fig.3 and forcing two identical images of the brake disc. The inner side of the shield is described as front. The brake disc is not a peculiar part and is distinguished by most car owners. I think the scientific community will know what a brake disc looks like.
Answer:
I/we added this Figure so that the reader can get a rough idea about the structure and can easily understand the layout. However, I/we removed on of them this time.
#4: The conclusions are very general and refer to the obtained results to a moderate extent, e.g. table 6, the temperature of 200 and 320oC, and what is acceptable for the safe operation of the brake disc. The reviewer claims that cast iron can be operated at a higher temperature. The fundamental problem in the use of aluminum-based materials is its lower operating temperature. Please refer to this issue in the conclusions. Is it possible to use an aluminum alloy with the same design of the brake disc and the accumulated braking energy (Table 6) if the temperature obtained in the calculations is significantly higher?
Answer:
I/we are totally agreed with you at this point but we are already working on another paper and want to address this issue in there as a baseline of that research/paper.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
