Synthesis of Ceramic Reinforcements in Metallic Matrices during Spark Plasma Sintering: Consideration of Reactant/Matrix Mutual Chemistry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Advantages and Limitations of Spark Plasma Sintering for the Production of In-Situ Metal–Ceramic Composites
3. Considerations of Reactant/Matrix Chemistry and Structure of the Reaction Mixture
4. Practical Recommendations for Implementing the Synthesis of Metal–Ceramic Composites via SPS and Directions for the Future Research
- (1)
- in order to fully use the potential of SPS for the production of fine-grained materials, the synthesis reaction should be fast enough (should be completed within minutes) (if the reaction requires prolonged holding for its completeness, grain growth of the matrix can ensue);
- (2)
- upon the reaction, only a limited amount of liquid should form (extensive formation of liquid should be avoided).
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Binary A-B/Ternary System A-B-C | Characteristics of the Reaction Mixtures A-B and A-B-C | Example of Reaction Mixture and Metal–Ceramic Composite to Be Formed | Factors Influencing the Synthesis Completeness |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | A-B | AmBn compounds can form | Ti–C (Ti–TiC composite) | - initial particle size of B - sintering time - sintering temperature |
II | A-B-C | Both B and C are insoluble in solid A | Cu–W–C (Cu–WC composite) | - B/C initial contact area - sintering time - sintering temperature |
III | A-B-C | Both B and C are insoluble in solid A, AmBn and AxCy compounds can form | Al–Ti–C (Al–TiC composite) | - B/C initial contact area - sintering time - sintering temperature |
IV | A-B-C | B is soluble in solid A, C is insoluble in solid A | Cu–Ti–C (Cu–TiC composite) | - B/C initial contact area - generation and “activation” of diffusion paths for B in A (when diffusion of B through A is a rate-limiting step) - sintering time - sintering temperature |
V | A-B-C | Both B and C are soluble in solid A | Ni–W–C (Ni–WC composite) | - B/C initial contact area - generation and “activation” of diffusion paths for B or C through A (when diffusion of B or C through A is a rate-limiting step) - sintering time - sintering temperature |
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Dudina, D.V.; Vidyuk, T.M.; Korchagin, M.A. Synthesis of Ceramic Reinforcements in Metallic Matrices during Spark Plasma Sintering: Consideration of Reactant/Matrix Mutual Chemistry. Ceramics 2021, 4, 592-599. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics4040042
Dudina DV, Vidyuk TM, Korchagin MA. Synthesis of Ceramic Reinforcements in Metallic Matrices during Spark Plasma Sintering: Consideration of Reactant/Matrix Mutual Chemistry. Ceramics. 2021; 4(4):592-599. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics4040042
Chicago/Turabian StyleDudina, Dina V., Tomila M. Vidyuk, and Michail A. Korchagin. 2021. "Synthesis of Ceramic Reinforcements in Metallic Matrices during Spark Plasma Sintering: Consideration of Reactant/Matrix Mutual Chemistry" Ceramics 4, no. 4: 592-599. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics4040042