Revisiting the Lognormal Modelling of Shadowing Effects during Wireless Communications by Means of the α-μ/α-μ Composite Distribution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The - Distribution
Mathematical Definitions
3. Composite Fading Model
Simplified Results When
4. Numerical Evaluation of the Expressions
4.1. Integral Representations
4.2. Series Representations
- The function implements the numerical integral definition of the Kratzel function given right below (5).
- implements the Meijer G-function alternative representation of the Kratzel function used to obtain (9) whenever .
- implements the H-function alternative definition of the Kratzel function used to obtain (6).
- implements the series representation of the Kratzel function given in (11). Here, represents the number of terms to be considered for the summation.
- implements the H-function used in (7).
- The function implements the PDF of the composed distribution when the numerical integral definition of the Kratzel function is used.
- implements the PDF of the composed distribution when the H-function alternative definition of the Kratzel function is used.
- implements the PDF of the composed distribution when and the Meijer G-function alternative definition of the Kratzel function is used. In order to obtain the rational approximations to , we automatically calculate the rational number with smallest denominator that lies within of the real ratio.
- implements the series expression of the PDF by considering terms into the summation.
- The function implements the CDF of the composed distribution when the numerical integral definition of the Kratzel function is used.
- implements the CDF of the composed distribution when the numerical integral definition of the H-function is used.
- implements the CDF of the composed distribution when and the Meijer G-function alternative definition of the Kratzel function is used. In order to obtain the rational approximations to , we automatically calculate the rational number with smallest denominator that lies within of the real ratio.
- implements the series expression of the CDF by considering terms into the summation.
5. Application to Experimental Data
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Set | |||
---|---|---|---|
S1 | |||
S2 | |||
S3 | |||
S4 |
(a) Equation (12) | ||||
Set | Exact Value | 10 Terms | 30 Terms | 100 Terms |
S1 | 0.207465 | 0.204785 | 0.207465 | 0.207465 |
S2 | 0.127178 | 0.127178 | 0.127178 | 0.127178 |
S3 | 0.126769 | 0.275901 | 0.126769 | 0.126769 |
S4* | 0.383627 | 0.391774 | 0.391728 | |
(b) Equation (13) | ||||
Set | Exact Value | 10 Terms | 30 Terms | 100 Terms |
S1 | 0.130012 | 0.129598 | 0.130012 | 0.130012 |
S2 | 0.0926511 | 0.0926511 | 0.0926511 | 0.0926511 |
S3 | 0.959844 | 0.96768 | 0.959844 | 0.959844 |
S4* | 0.248891 | 0.272829 | 0.272827 |
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Ozelim, L.C.S.M.; Dias, U.S.; Rathie, P.N. Revisiting the Lognormal Modelling of Shadowing Effects during Wireless Communications by Means of the α-μ/α-μ Composite Distribution. Modelling 2021, 2, 197-209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/modelling2020010
Ozelim LCSM, Dias US, Rathie PN. Revisiting the Lognormal Modelling of Shadowing Effects during Wireless Communications by Means of the α-μ/α-μ Composite Distribution. Modelling. 2021; 2(2):197-209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/modelling2020010
Chicago/Turabian StyleOzelim, Luan C. S. M., Ugo S. Dias, and Pushpa N. Rathie. 2021. "Revisiting the Lognormal Modelling of Shadowing Effects during Wireless Communications by Means of the α-μ/α-μ Composite Distribution" Modelling 2, no. 2: 197-209. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/modelling2020010