Incidence, Hospitalization, Mortality and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Residential Homes for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- -
- Residents: mean age (years), women percentage (%), degree three of disability (%).The used index of disability, based on level of dependence, comprehended four degrees: 0 (no disability); 1 minor disability (mild dependence); 2 moderate disabilities (maintains autonomy in daily life); 3 severe/profound disabilities. Degree three of disability needs help for functions such as grooming, dressing, feeding, or going to bed.
- -
- Staff: number of total staff, registered nurses, and nursing assistants. Ratios: residents/staff, registered nurses/residents, nursing assistant/residents, staff/beds, nurse assistant /beds, and residents/bathrooms.
- -
- LTCRH: ownership (private or public), size (number of residents less than 30, or ≥30), the municipality where the LTCRH was located, large urban area (≥50,000 inhabitants), urban area (≥10,000–49,999 inhabitants), semi-urban area (≥2500–9999 inhabitants), and rural area (≤2500 inhabitants). LTCRH facilities: number of beds, baths, and bathrooms; in addition, number of single and double bedrooms, and bedrooms with three beds. Occupancy rate: resident population/beds.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |
---|---|
Residents | N = 346 |
Age median of means (range) | 47 years (38–54) |
Women (%) | 40% (14–67%) |
Disability | |
0 None | 3.6% (0–52.5%) |
1 Mild/Minor | 6.7% (0–54%) |
2 Moderate | 25.0% (0–46%) |
3 Severe/Profound | 55.6% (0–100%) |
Staff | N = 482 |
Registered nurses | 23 (4.8%) |
Nursing assistant | 202 (41.9%) |
Centers for chronic mental illness | |
Age of the building (years) | median 17 years (range 3–43 years) |
Occupancy rate (median range) | 95.2% (52–100%) |
Size of residents’ places | median 28 (range 20–50) |
Ratios (median and range) | |
Residents/staff | 0.69 (0.47–1.11) |
Registered nurses/residents | 0.09 (0–0.14) |
Nursing assistant/residents | 0.57 (0–1.35) |
Staff/beds | 1.25 (0.77–2.14) |
Nursing assistant/beds | 0.50 (0–1.24) |
Residents/bedrooms | 5.25 (0.85–10.0) |
Crowding index | 2.65 (0.92–4.0) |
LTCRH’s capacity | |
Compartmentalization | Yes: 6 (54.6%) No: 5 (45.4%) |
Isolation | Yes: 9 (81.2%) No: 2 (18.2%) |
Quarantines | Yes: 9 (81.8%) No: 2 (18.2%). |
Total Population | COVID-19 Cases | Cumulative Incidence Rate 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|
Residents n = 346 | 75 | 21.7% (17.3–27.2%) |
Staff n = 482 | 74 | 15.4% (12.4–19.5%) |
Hospitalizations | Hospitalization rate | |
Residents | 5 | 1.4% (0.4–2.5%) |
Staff | 1 | 0.2% (0.01–1.50%) |
Deaths | Mortality rate | |
Residents | 2 | 0.6% (0.1–2.3%) |
Staff | 0 | 0.0 |
CIR 1 | c 2 RR 3 95% IC 4 | p-Value | a 5 RR 95% IC | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ownership | |||||
Private 6 | 25.8% | 1.25 (0.79–2.00) | 0.342 | 40.6(2.87–574.08) | 0.006 |
Public | 18.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Size 7 | |||||
>28 residents | 22.8% | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 0.676 | 3.93 (0.01–2345.29) | 0.675 |
<28 residents | 22.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Large urban area 8 | |||||
≥50,000 inhabitants. | 17.1% | 0.51 (0.32–0.81) | 0.004 | 0.61 (0.11–3.52) | 0.582 |
<50,000 inhabitants. | 30.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Residents | |||||
SevereDisability 9,10 > 55.6% | 40.5% 13 | 4. 93 (2.80–8.68) | 0.000 | 3.15 (1.25–7.93) | 0.015 |
≤55.6% | 1.1% 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Age (median) 10,11 > 47 years | 9.5% 13 | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 0.000 | 0.81 (0.76–0.87) | 0.000 |
≤47 years | 34.4% 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
% Women 10,12 > 30% | 11.8% 13 | 0.29 (0.04–2.08) | 0.220 | 17.2 (0.98–303.21.48) | 0.052 |
≤30% | 34.4% 13 |
CIR 1 | c 2 RR 3 95% CI 4 | p-Value | a 5 RR 95% CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CIR municipalities 6,7 > 2944·105 | 27.9% | 1.05 (1.07–1.20) | 0.004 | 1.34 (1.16–1.55) | 0.000 |
≤2944·105 | 16.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
CIR staff 6,8 mean > 10% | 46.7% | 7.87 (4.15–14.93) | 0.000 | 6.61 (2.64–16.54) | 0.000 |
≤10% | 1.1% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Age building 6,9 > 17 years | 42.1% | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 0.000 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 0.000 |
≤17 years | 19.1% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Occupancy rate % 6,9 > 95.2% | 1.1% | 0.79 (0.17–3.60) | 0.758 | 0.61 (0.01–62.66) | 0.833 |
≤95.2% | 42.1% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Residents/staff 6,9 > 0.634 | 12.7% | 0.05 (0.01–0.22) | 0.000 | 1.26 (0.00–57,254.0) | 0.967 |
≤0.634 | 35.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Nursing assistant/residents ratio 6,9 > 0.57 | 34.4% | 3.50 (1.91–6.43) | 0.000 | 0.32 (0.01–26,23) | 0.618 |
≤0.57 | 10.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Staff/beds ratio 6,9 > 1.25 | 46.7% | 3.67 (2.12–6.37) | 0.000 | 1.02 (0.16–6.48) | 0.981 |
≤1.25 | 8.35% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Nursing assistants/beds ratio 6,9 > 0.5 | 42.1% | 3.95 (2.11–7.39) | 0.000 | 0.62 (0.04–8.51) | 0.718 |
≤0.5 | 0.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Residents/total bathrooms ratio 6,9 > 5.25 | 42.1% | 1.17 (1.10–1.26) | 0.000 | 1.17 (0.84–1.63) | 0.352 |
≤5.25 | 3.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Crowding index 6,9 > 2.65 | 42.1% | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) | 0.002 | 1.48 (0.32–6.77) | 0.612 |
≤2.65 | 1.1% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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Arnedo-Pena, A.; Romeu-Garcia, M.A.; Gasco-Laborda, J.C.; Meseguer-Ferrer, N.; Safont-Adsuara, L.; Guillen-Grima, F.; Tirado-Balaguer, M.D.; Sabater-Vidal, S.; Gil-Fortuño, M.; Pérez-Olaso, O.; et al. Incidence, Hospitalization, Mortality and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Residential Homes for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness. Epidemiologia 2022, 3, 391-401. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia3030030
Arnedo-Pena A, Romeu-Garcia MA, Gasco-Laborda JC, Meseguer-Ferrer N, Safont-Adsuara L, Guillen-Grima F, Tirado-Balaguer MD, Sabater-Vidal S, Gil-Fortuño M, Pérez-Olaso O, et al. Incidence, Hospitalization, Mortality and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Residential Homes for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness. Epidemiologia. 2022; 3(3):391-401. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia3030030
Chicago/Turabian StyleArnedo-Pena, Alberto, María Angeles Romeu-Garcia, Juan Carlos Gasco-Laborda, Noemi Meseguer-Ferrer, Lourdes Safont-Adsuara, Francisco Guillen-Grima, María Dolores Tirado-Balaguer, Susana Sabater-Vidal, María Gil-Fortuño, Oscar Pérez-Olaso, and et al. 2022. "Incidence, Hospitalization, Mortality and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Residential Homes for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness" Epidemiologia 3, no. 3: 391-401. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/epidemiologia3030030