Effect of Post-Drawing Thermal Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Drawn Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Filaments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Filament Drawing
2.3. Post-Drawing Heat Treatment
2.4. Filaments Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological and Dimensional Analysis
3.2. Thermal Behavior
3.3. Mechanical Behavior
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Resin | Melt Flow Index MFI (210 °C/2.16 kg) | Density δ (g/cm3) | D-Isomer Content (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|
3D850 | 7–9 [9] | 1.24 [9] | 0.5 [18] |
4043D | 7–9 [19] | 1.24 [19] | 2–5 [20,21] |
Resin | Condition | DR | ΔL | Fiber Diameter | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not Treated | Heat Treated | ||||
(mm) | (mm) | ||||
3D850 | Undrawn | - | 1% | 1.74 ± 0.02 | 1.72 ± 0.01 |
FST 170 °C | 5.5 | −12% | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | |
FST 180 °C | 5.4 | −10% | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.78 ± 0.01 | |
4043D | Undrawn | - | −8% | 1.73 ± 0.03 | 1.79 ± 0.01 |
FST 140 °C | 5.6 | −36% | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | |
FST 150 °C | 5.3 | −35% | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | |
FST 160 °C | 5.9 | −35% | 0.71 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.03 |
Resin | Condition | Mn (kg/mol) | Mw (kg/mol) | PDI (Mw/Mn) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3D850 | Undrawn | 69.7 ± 1.9 | 113.4 ± 2.7 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
Drawn | 63.8 ± 1.2 | 108.4 ± 2.7 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | |
4043D | Undrawn | 74.8 ± 1.6 | 122.4 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
Drawn | 75.5 ± 2.3 | 119.4 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
Resin | Condition | Tg (°C) | Tcc1 (°C) | Texo * (°C) | Tm (°C) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3D850 | Undrawn | 57.1 ± 0.8 | 98.2 ± 0.8 | 160.2 ± 0.3 | 175.4 ± 0.2 | 18.7 ± 2.7 |
Undrawn-HT | 70.6 ± 1.1 | - | - | 175.5 ± 0.1 | 51.3 ± 0.9 | |
4043D | Undrawn | 57.5 ± 0.4 | 117.5 ± 0.3 | - | 149.6 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 2.0 |
Undrawn-HT | 55.6 ± 0.6 | - | - | 153.7 ± 0.3 | 41.8 ± 1.1 |
Condition | Tg (°C) | Tm (°C) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|
FST 170 °C | 76.3 ± 0.2 | 175.5 ± 0.2 | 65.1 ± 0.4 |
FST 170 °C-HT | 75.3 ± 0.2 | 175.1 ± 0.2 | 64.0 ± 0.3 |
FST 180 °C | 76.4 ± 0.5 | 175.5 ± 0.2 | 62.9 ± 1.4 |
FST 180 °C-HT | 75.1 ± 0.4 | 175.8 ± 0.2 | 62.7 ± 1.3 |
Condition | Tg (°C) | Tendo * (°C) | Tm (°C) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
FST 140 °C | 60.7 ± 0.5 | - | 149.4 ± 0.1 | 36.6 ± 0.5 |
FST 140 °C-HT | 56.6 ± 0.2 | 127.3 ± 0.1 | 149.4 ± 0.1 | 37.9 ± 1.3 |
FST 150 °C | 59.5 ± 0.1 | - | 149.6 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.1 |
FST 150 °C-HT | 56.8 ± 0.7 | 127.2 ± 0.1 | 149.6 ± 0.1 | 38.0 ± 1.1 |
FST 160 °C | 60.6 ± 0.7 | - | 149.7 ± 0.1 | 34.2 ± 0.1 |
FST 160 °C-HT | 56.9 ± 0.1 | 127.0 ± 0.2 | 149.6 ± 0.2 | 36.9 ± 1.0 |
Resin | Condition | Relative Tensile Apparent Modulus (%) | Relative Yield Strength (%) | Relative Stress at Break (%) | Relative Strain at Break (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | HT | NT | HT | NT | HT | NT | HT | ||
3D850 | Undrawn | 0 | 68.3 | 0 | 7.3 | 0 | 10.9 | 0 | −13.6 |
FST 170 °C | 236.0 | 286.2 | 103.4 | 72.1 | 364.6 | 284.6 | 186.4 | 277.4 | |
FST 180 °C | 238.1 | 279.4 | 101.3 | 75.2 | 364.6 | 287.6 | 187.6 | 271.8 | |
4043D | Undrawn | 0 | 10.4 | 0 | −0.46 | 0 | 7.8 | 0 | −57.5 |
FST 140 °C | 176.0 | 134.7 | 106.9 | 36.1 | 309.9 | 174.6 | 12.4 | 340.9 | |
FST 150 °C | 157.8 | 147.4 | 102.2 | 45.6 | 287.9 | 202.6 | 25.4 | 299.0 | |
FST 160 °C | 176.9 | 132.3 | 112.2 | 42.6 | 356.8 | 187.9 | 27.5 | 269.4 |
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Butto, M.; Maspoch, M.L.; Bernal, C. Effect of Post-Drawing Thermal Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Drawn Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Filaments. Textiles 2023, 3, 339-352. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles3030023
Butto M, Maspoch ML, Bernal C. Effect of Post-Drawing Thermal Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Drawn Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Filaments. Textiles. 2023; 3(3):339-352. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles3030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleButto, Martín, María Lluisa Maspoch, and Celina Bernal. 2023. "Effect of Post-Drawing Thermal Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Drawn Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Filaments" Textiles 3, no. 3: 339-352. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/textiles3030023