Crosslink Between Kidney Homeostasis and Xenobiotics Action

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health problem worldwide. The worldwide prevalence of CKD is 13.4%, and the number of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) needing renal replacement therapy is estimated to be between 4.902 and 7.083 million. 

Chronic and acute kidney function decline is strictly related to environmental influence, including the action of xenobiotics. About 20%-30% of intensive care unit patients and 5% of hospitalized patients suffer from acute kidney injury secondary to a toxic insult, and 20% of these events are attributed to nephrotoxic compounds.

A xenobiotic (a compound word from the Greek ξένος -η -ον "xènos -e -on" = “alien”, “strange”, or “guest” and βίος "bìos" = life) is generally defined as a substance that is foreign to a living organism.

Principal xenobiotics include drugs, vaccines, carcinogens, plant constituents, drugs, pesticides, cosmetics, flavorings, fragrances, food additives, industrial chemicals, and environmental pollutants.

Kidneys can be exposed to xenobiotic action by different causes; due to their high blood flow and high oxygen consumption, these organs are more vulnerable to this compound exposure.
Xenobiotics can damage kidneys not only by perturbing renal hemodynamics but also by promoting immune-mediated injury, stimulating the production of reactive intermediates, causing endothelial damage, or perturbing cellular homeostasis.

At the same time, kidneys play a central role in the xenobiotics metabolism, promoting their clearance and eliminating about 32% of drugs through their action.

This Special Issue of the Journal of Xenobiotics aims to consider the bivalent influence of xenobiotics on patients with renal diseases and how the kidneys influence the xenobiotics metabolism.

Dr. Guido Gembillo
Dr. Wisit Cheungpasitporn
Dr. Rossella Siligato
Guest Editors

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• chronic kidney disease
• glomerulonephritis
• hemodialysis
• diabetic kidney disease
• xenobiotics
• nephrotoxic drugs
• renal impairment