Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNA Expression in Human Macrophages Regulated by Interleukin-27
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of Putative Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcripts
2.2. Expression Profiles of lncRNAs
2.3. Expression Profiles of mRNAs
2.4. Enrichment Analysis of Differential mRNAs
2.5. Co-Expression Network Construction and Module Analysis
2.6. Confirmation of the Selected lncRNAs
2.7. Biological Function Assay
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Purification and Culture
4.2. RNA Extraction, Library Preparation, and Sequencing
4.3. Sequencing Data Processing
4.4. Novel lncRNA Prediction
4.5. Identification of lncRNA Targets
4.6. Differential mRNA and lncRNA Gene Expression Analysis
4.7. Gene Ontology and Pathway Enrichment Analysis
4.8. Co-Expression Network Analysis
4.9. Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR for lncRNA Validation
4.10. Lnc RNA, Plamids, and Transfection
4.11. Viruses and Infection
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABI | IL-27 treated human AB-serum induced macrophages |
APCs | Antigen presenting cells |
EBI3 | Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 |
GO | Gene Ontology |
HEPES | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid |
HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
HSV-1 | Herpes simplex virus type 1 |
IMAC | IL-27-treated M-CSF induced macrophages |
JAK/STAT | Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
lncRNAs | Long non-coding RNAs |
logCPM | Log2 counts per million |
MAPKs | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
M-CSF | Macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
MDMs | Monocyte-Derived Macrophages |
MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
PBMCs | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
RT-qPCR | Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
TLR | Toll like receptor |
WGCNA | Weighted gene correlation network analysis |
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Comparison | Upregulation | Downregulation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Known | Novel | Known | Novel | |
iMac vs. mMac | 58 | 62 | 74 | 113 |
Abi vs. Ab | 84 | 45 | 171 | 152 |
Category | Term | Count | Bonferroni Adjusted p Value |
---|---|---|---|
GO_BP | GO:0006955~immune response | 38 | 1.69 × 10−9 |
GO_BP | GO:0002504~antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II | 9 | 2.14 × 10−6 |
GO_BP | GO:0019886~antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II | 15 | 2.76 × 10−5 |
GO_BP | GO:0006954~inflammatory response | 29 | 5.29 × 10−5 |
GO_BP | GO:0060333~interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | 12 | 8.26 × 10−4 |
GO_BP | GO:0031295~T cell costimulation | 12 | 2.18 × 10−3 |
GO_BP | GO:0007067~mitotic nuclear division | 20 | 5.58 × 10−3 |
GO_BP | GO:0019882~antigen processing and presentation | 10 | 5.87 × 10−3 |
GO_BP | GO:0051301~cell division | 24 | 7.09 x 10−3 |
GO_CC | GO:0030658~transport vesicle membrane | 12 | 1.09 × 10−7 |
GO_CC | GO:0042613~MHC class II protein complex | 10 | 1.33 × 10−7 |
GO_CC | GO:0071556~integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane | 10 | 2.34 × 10−6 |
GO_CC | GO:0005886~plasma membrane | 137 | 1.28 × 10−5 |
GO_CC | GO:0012507~ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane | 11 | 5.09 × 10−5 |
GO_CC | GO:0030666~endocytic vesicle membrane | 12 | 5.63 × 10−5 |
GO_CC | GO:0030669~clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane | 10 | 6.50 × 10−5 |
GO_CC | GO:0005819~spindle | 13 | 4.49 × 10−3 |
GO_CC | GO:0005615~extracellular space | 54 | 5.76 × 10−3 |
GO_MF | GO:0042605~peptide antigen binding | 10 | 2.35 × 10−6 |
GO_MF | GO:0032395~MHC class II receptor activity | 8 | 6.17 × 10−6 |
KEGG | hsa05150:Staphylococcus aureus infection | 19 | 3.72 × 10−13 |
KEGG | hsa04672:Intestinal immune network for IgA production | 15 | 3.26 × 10−9 |
KEGG | hsa05330:Allograft rejection | 13 | 3.14 × 10−8 |
KEGG | hsa05332:Graft-versus-host disease | 12 | 1.34 × 10−7 |
KEGG | hsa04145:Phagosome | 22 | 1.48 × 10−7 |
KEGG | hsa04940:Type I diabetes mellitus | 12 | 2.38 × 10−6 |
KEGG | hsa05320:Autoimmune thyroid disease | 13 | 2.43 × 10−6 |
KEGG | hsa05323:Rheumatoid arthritis | 16 | 2.94 × 10−6 |
KEGG | hsa05310:Asthma | 10 | 1.45 × 10−5 |
KEGG | hsa05322:Systemic lupus erythematosus | 18 | 2.96 × 10−5 |
KEGG | hsa04612:Antigen processing and presentation | 13 | 2.03 × 10−4 |
KEGG | hsa05321:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | 12 | 2.42 × 10−4 |
KEGG | hsa04110:Cell cycle | 16 | 3.06 × 10−4 |
KEGG | hsa05166:HTLV-I infection | 23 | 3.80 × 10−4 |
KEGG | hsa05416:Viral myocarditis | 11 | 6.17 × 10−4 |
KEGG | hsa04514:Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) | 16 | 1.69 × 10−3 |
KEGG | hsa05140:Leishmaniasis | 11 | 4.69 × 10−3 |
KEGG | hsa05168:Herpes simplex infection | 17 | 9.15 × 10−3 |
Module | Term | mRNA Count | FDR |
---|---|---|---|
Brown | Reactome: Immune System | 26 | 1.71 × 10−6 |
KEGG: Staphylococcus aureus infection | 8 | 7.16 × 10−9 | |
GO-BP: defense response | 30 | 2.05 × 10−13 | |
GO-BP: immune system process | 36 | 5.40 × 10−11 | |
GO-BP: positive regulation of immune system process | 23 | 1.68 × 10−10 | |
GO-BP: immune response | 29 | 1.78 × 10−10 | |
GO-BP: positive regulation of immune response | 18 | 5.31 × 10−9 | |
GO-BP: regulation of immune system process | 25 | 1.70 × 10−8 | |
GO-BP: positive regulation of response to stimulus | 30 | 1.70 × 10−8 | |
GO-BP: regulation of immune response | 20 | 3.07 × 10−8 | |
GO-BP: innate immune response | 16 | 1.74 × 10−6 | |
GO-BP: response to stress | 34 | 2.46 × 10−6 | |
GO-BP: regulation of response to external stimulus | 16 | 4.25 × 10−6 | |
GO-BP: cell surface receptor signaling pathway | 27 | 4.90 × 10−6 | |
GO-BP: activation of immune response | 12 | 7.96 × 10−6 | |
GO-BP: inflammatory response | 13 | 7.96 × 10−6 | |
Yellow | Reactome: Cell Cycle, Mitotic | 31 | 4.54 × 10−26 |
Reactome: Cell Cycle | 32 | 2.93 × 10−25 | |
KEGG: Cell cycle | 13 | 8.73 × 10−13 | |
GO-BP: mitotic cell cycle | 38 | 1.55 × 10−31 | |
GO-BP: cell cycle | 47 | 1.55 × 10−31 | |
Blue | Reactome: Regulation of Complement cascade | 6 | 2.50 × 10−4 |
KEGG: Complement and coagulation cascades | 6 | 1.60 × 10−3 | |
GO-BP: complement activation | 6 | 2.40 x 10−3 | |
Turquoise | Reactome: Immune System | 25 | 3.20 × 10−3 |
KEGG: Staphylococcus aureus infection | 6 | 5.11 × 10−5 | |
GO-BP: immune response | 26 | 1.40 × 10−4 | |
GO-BP: innate immune response | 16 | 4.60 × 10−4 |
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Hu, X.; Goswami, S.; Qiu, J.; Chen, Q.; Laverdure, S.; Sherman, B.T.; Imamichi, T. Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNA Expression in Human Macrophages Regulated by Interleukin-27. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20246207
Hu X, Goswami S, Qiu J, Chen Q, Laverdure S, Sherman BT, Imamichi T. Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNA Expression in Human Macrophages Regulated by Interleukin-27. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(24):6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20246207
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Xiaojun, Suranjana Goswami, Ju Qiu, Qian Chen, Sylvain Laverdure, Brad T. Sherman, and Tomozumi Imamichi. 2019. "Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNA Expression in Human Macrophages Regulated by Interleukin-27" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20246207