Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chronic Systemic Administration of BPA Induces Tubular Damage in the Kidney of Healthy Mice and Exacerbates Kidney Damage in Experimental CKD
2.2. Chronic Administration of BPA Causes Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Healthy and Injured Kidneys by Upregulation of Proinflammatory Factors and Redox-Mediated Processes
2.3. Chronic Administration of BPA to Mice Induces Renal Fibrosis in Healthy Mice
2.4. Stimulation with BPA Induces the Expression of Profibrotic Marker Fibronectin in Human Renal Proximal Tubuloepithelial Cells (HK-2)
2.5. Chronic Administration of BPA to Mice Induces the Blockade of Autophagosome Maturation in the Kidney
2.6. Stimulation with BPA Induces the Blockade of Maturation of Autophagosome in Human Renal Proximal Tubuloepithelial Cells (HK-2)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Cell Cultured Studies
4.3. In Vivo Studies
- (A).
- Harmful effect of BPA in healthy mice: (i) vehicle; (ii) BPA at 2 weeks; (iii) BPA at 5 weeks;
- (B).
- Harmful effect of BPA in established CKD: (iv) SNX vehicle; (v) SNX with BPA at 5 weeks.
4.4. Gene Expression Studies
4.5. Protein Studies
4.6. Renal Histology and Immunohistochemistry
4.7. Immunofluorescence Staining of LC3B
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Priego, A.R.; Parra, E.G.; Mas, S.; Morgado-Pascual, J.L.; Ruiz-Ortega, M.; Rayego-Mateos, S. Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7189. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22137189
Priego AR, Parra EG, Mas S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7189. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22137189
Chicago/Turabian StylePriego, Alberto Ruiz, Emilio González Parra, Sebastián Mas, José Luis Morgado-Pascual, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, and Sandra Rayego-Mateos. 2021. "Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7189. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22137189