Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Resveratrol Rescues OGD-Mediated Cell Viability and TNF-α under the 3D Scaffold
2.2. Resveratrol Normalizes the Expression of IKK and NF-κB (p65) in OGD-Treated Cells on the 3D Scaffold
2.3. Resveratrol Normalizes NLRP3 Inflammasome Levels in OGD-Induced Cells in the 3D Scaffold
2.4. Resveratrol Rescues Oxidative Stress in OGD-Treated Cells on a 3D Scaffold
2.5. Resveratrol Increases Nrf2 Expression in OGD-Treated Cells on 3D Scaffolds
2.6. Resveratrol Increases the Expression of SOD, Gpx, GSH, Catalase, and HO-1 in OGD-Treated Cells on the 3D Scaffold
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Assessment of Cell Viability and Interleukin
4.3. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
- IKKα (F: 5′-GAAGGTGCAGTAACCCCTCA-3′ and R: 5′-ATTGCCCTGTTCCTCATT-TG-3′), IKKβ (F: 5′-AGCATGAATGCCTCTCGACT-3′ and R: 5′-TTCTAGCAGGGT-GCAGAGGT-3′), p65 (F: 5′-ATGGCTTCTATGAGGCTGAG-3′ and R: 5′-GTTGTTGT-TGGTCTGGATGC-3′), NLRP3 (F: 5′-TGCCCGTCTGGGTGAGA-3′ and R: 5′-CCGG-TGCTCCTTGATGAGA-3′), ASC (F: 5′-CGCGAGGGTCACAAACGT-3′ and R: 5′-T-GCTCATCCGTCAGGACCTT-3′), caspase-1 (F: 5′-AATTTTCCGCAAGGTTCGATT-3′ and R: 5′-ACTCTTTCAGTGGTGGGCATCT-3′), Nrf2 (F: 5′-TCAGCCAGCCCAGC-ACATCC-3′ and R: 5′-TCTGCGCCAAAAGCTGCATGC-3′), SOD1 (F: 5′-AAGGCC-GTGTGCGTGCTGAA-3′ and R: 5′-CAGGTCTCCAACATGCCTCT-3′); SOD2 (F: 5′--GCACATTAACGCGCAGTCA-3′ and R: 5′-AGCCTCCAGCAACTCTCCTT-3′); Gpx (F: 5′-CCTCAAGTACGTCCGACCTG-3′ and R: 5′-CAATGTCGTTGCGGCACACC-3′); Catalase (F: 5′-TGGGATCTCGTTGGAAATAACAC-3′ and R:5′-TCAGGACGTAGG-CTCCAGAAG-3′); HO-1 (F: 5′-AAGACTGCGTTCCTGCTCAAC-3′ and R: 5′-AAAG-CCCTACAGCAACTGTCG-3′) and GAPDH (F: 5′-TGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGC-3′ and R: 5′-GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG-3′).
4.4. Western Blot (WB) Detection
4.5. ROS Measurement by Staining with Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Dihydroethidium (DHE)
4.6. Measuring SOD, Gpx, and GSH Activity
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chiang, M.-C.; Nicol, C.J.B.; Lo, S.-S.; Hung, S.-W.; Wang, C.-J.; Lin, C.-H. Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11678. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms231911678
Chiang M-C, Nicol CJB, Lo S-S, Hung S-W, Wang C-J, Lin C-H. Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11678. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms231911678
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiang, Ming-Chang, Christopher J. B. Nicol, Shy-Shyong Lo, Shiang-Wei Hung, Chieh-Ju Wang, and Chien-Hung Lin. 2022. "Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11678. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms231911678