From Nucleus to Organs: Insights of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Molecular Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epigenetics and Chromatin: AHR-Driven Barriers
2.1. Retrotransposons
2.2. Chromatin Structural Organization
3. AHR Signaling
3.1. The Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
3.2. The PI3K/AKT Pathway
3.3. Interaction with TGF-β Signaling
3.4. NF-κβ and p65
3.5. Other Protein Interactions
4. AHR Physiological Functions
4.1. Embryo
4.2. Liver
4.3. Gut
4.4. Immune System
4.5. Central Nervous System
4.6. Skin
4.7. Lung
5. Final Thoughts
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | Functional Consequence | Reference |
---|---|---|
SRC-1, NCoA2, p300/CBP, p/CIP | Coactivators with HAT activity that interact with AHR and/or ARNT to facilitate transcriptional activation | [91] |
SHP | Inhibits transcriptional activity of the AHR/ARNT complex | [92] |
Brg-1 | Histone-modifying factor dependent on ATPase activity and activator of transcription mediated by AHR/ARNT | [93] |
Med220, CDK8 | Subunits of the mediator complex involved in AHR/ARNT transcriptional activation | [94] |
ERα | Functional interactor with AHR in gene regulation | [95] |
RB | Direct interaction between Rb and AHR is required for maximal induction of Cyp1a1, suggesting a role of coactivator for RB | [96] |
Mybbp1a | Associates with AHR and favors transactivation | [97] |
Nedd8 | Interacts with AHR increasing its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity | [98] |
p16, p21 | AHR transcriptionally regulates the expression of senescence-related genes | [99] |
VEGF, HGF | AHR modulation of angiogenesis through a mechanism that requires VEGF activation in the endothelium | [100] |
FGF | Increased fibroblast growth factor (FGF) levels with AHR overexpression. | [99] |
Per2 y Bmal1 | Circadian rhythms-mediated interaction with AHR. Exposure to TCDD alters their expression pattern. | [101] |
Cav-1 | AHR modulation of Caveolin-1 in cell migration | [102] |
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Rejano-Gordillo, C.M.; Marín-Díaz, B.; Ordiales-Talavero, A.; Merino, J.M.; González-Rico, F.J.; Fernández-Salguero, P.M. From Nucleus to Organs: Insights of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Molecular Mechanisms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14919. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232314919
Rejano-Gordillo CM, Marín-Díaz B, Ordiales-Talavero A, Merino JM, González-Rico FJ, Fernández-Salguero PM. From Nucleus to Organs: Insights of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Molecular Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14919. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232314919
Chicago/Turabian StyleRejano-Gordillo, Claudia M., Beatriz Marín-Díaz, Ana Ordiales-Talavero, Jaime M. Merino, Francisco J. González-Rico, and Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero. 2022. "From Nucleus to Organs: Insights of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Molecular Mechanisms" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14919. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232314919