Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of Arctigenin Analogues with C-9′ Derivatisation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Retrosynthetic Analysis of C-9′ Arctigenin Analogues
2.2. Synthesis of Acid Chloride 2
2.3. Synthesis of Allylic Morpholine 3
2.4. Prevention of Isomeric Esters
2.5. Grubbs Cross Metathesis Pathway; Revised Route to 3
2.6. Synthesis of 9’-CH2OH Lactones
2.7. Synthesis of Lactone Derivatives
2.7.1. Ester Derivatives
2.7.2. Azido Derivatives
2.8. Anti-Proliferative Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthesis
3.2. Cell Proliferation Assays
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
- Tsopmo, A.; Awah, F.M.; Kuete, V. 12—Lignans and stilbenes from african medicinal plants. In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa; Kuete, V., Ed.; Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2013; pp. 435–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barker, D. Lignans. Molecules 2019, 24, 1424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gordaliza, M.; Castro, M.A.; del Corral, J.M.; Feliciano, A.S. Antitumor Properties of Podophyllotoxin and Related Compounds. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2000, 6, 1811–1839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pan, J.-Y.; Chen, S.-L.; Yang, M.-H.; Wu, J.; Sinkkonen, J.; Zou, K. An Update on Lignans: Natural Products and Synthesis. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2009, 26, 1251–1292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Haworth, R.D. The Chemistry of the Lignan Group of Natural Products. J. Chem. Soc. 1942, 448–456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Solyomváry, A.; Boldizsar, I.; Beni, S. Dibenzylbutyrolactone Lignans—A Review of Their Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Occurrence, Identification and Importance. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 2017, 17, 1053–1074. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Srivastava, D. Arctigenin, a Plant Lignan with Tremendous Potential: A Review. Int. J. Curr. Res. 2017, 9, 6. [Google Scholar]
- Kamlage, S.; Sefkow, M.; Pool-Zobel, B.L.; Peter, M.G. A Short Synthesis of Biologically Active Lignan Analogues. Chem. Commun. 2001, 331–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duan, S.; Huang, S.; Gong, J.; Shen, Y.; Zeng, L.; Feng, Y.; Ren, W.; Leng, Y.; Hu, Y. Design and Synthesis of Novel Arctigenin Analogues for the Amelioration of Metabolic Disorders. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 386–391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shen, S.; Zhuang, J.; Chen, Y.; Lei, M.; Chen, J.; Shen, X.; Hu, L. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Arctigenin Ester and Ether Derivatives as Activators of AMPK. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2013, 21, 3882–3893. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Eich, E.; Pertz, H.; Kaloga, M.; Schulz, J.; Fesen, M.R.; Mazumder, A.; Pommier, Y. (−)-Arctigenin as a Lead Structure for Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Integrase. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 86–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Awale, S.; Kato, M.; Dibwe, D.F.; Li, F.; Miyoshi, C.; Esumi, H.; Kadota, S.; Tezuka, Y. Antiausterity Activity of Arctigenin Enantiomers: Importance of (2R,3R)-Absolute Configuration. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2014, 9, 79–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kudou, N.; Taniguchi, A.; Sugimoto, K.; Matsuya, Y.; Kawasaki, M.; Toyooka, N.; Miyoshi, C.; Awale, S.; Dibwe, D.F.; Esumi, H.; et al. Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Arctigenin Derivatives Based on Antiausterity Strategy. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2013, 60, 76–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, L.; Zhao, F.; Liu, K. [Induction of apoptosis of the human leukemia cells by arctigenin and its mechanism of action]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2008, 43, 542–547. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Alizadeh, B.H.; Foroumadi, A.; Kobarfard, F.; Saeedi, M.; Shafiee, A. Synthesis of Novel Dibenzylbutyrolactones as Dimethylmatairesinol Analogues. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2014, 52, 1693–1698. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Želazková, J. Total synthesis of arctigenin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. In Proceedings of the 15th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-15), Online, 1–30 November 2011; p. 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davidson, S.J.; Pilkington, L.I.; Dempsey-Hibbert, N.C.; El-Mohtadi, M.; Tang, S.; Wainwright, T.; Whitehead, K.A.; Barker, D. Modular Synthesis and Biological Investigation of 5-Hydroxymethyl Dibenzyl Butyrolactones and Related Lignans. Molecules 2018, 23, 3057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Moss, G.P. Nomenclature of Lignans and Neolignans (IUPAC Recommendations 2000). Pure Appl. Chem. 2000, 72, 1493–1523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- VanRheenen, V.; Kelly, R.C.; Cha, D.Y. An Improved Catalytic OsO4 Oxidation of Olefins to Cis-1,2-Glycols Using Tertiary Amine Oxides as the Oxidant. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 17, 1973–1976. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Molnár, K.; Takács, L.; Kádár, M.; Faigl, F.; Kardos, Z. Z- and E-Selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reactions. Synth. Commun. 2017, 47, 1214–1224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carruthers, J.E.; Carruthers, W.; Coldham, I. Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Wadsworth, W.S.; Emmons, W.D. The Utility of Phosphonate Carbanions in Olefin Synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 1733–1738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blanchette, M.A.; Choy, W.; Davis, J.T.; Essenfeld, A.P.; Masamune, S.; Roush, W.R.; Sakai, T. Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction: Use of Lithium Chloride and an Amine for Base-Sensitive Compounds. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 2183–2186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Claridge, T.D.W.; Davies, S.G.; Lee, J.A.; Nicholson, R.L.; Roberts, P.M.; Russell, A.J.; Smith, A.D.; Toms, S.M. Highly (E)-Selective Wadsworth−Emmons Reactions Promoted by Methylmagnesium Bromide. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 5437–5440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ogba, O.M.; Warner, N.C.; O’Leary, D.J.; Grubbs, R.H. Recent Advances in Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 4510–4544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Dubovyk, I.; Watson, I.D.G.; Yudin, A.K. Achieving Control over the Branched/Linear Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1559–1575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barker, D.; Dickson, B.; Dittrich, N.; Rye, C.E. An Acyl-Claisen Approach to the Synthesis of Lignans and Substituted Pyrroles. Pure Appl. Chem. 2012, 84, 1557–1565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Y.; Aloysius, H.; Inoyama, D.; Chen, Y.; Hu, L. Enzyme-Mediated Hydrolytic Activation of Prodrugs. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2011, 1, 143–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kharb, R.; Sharma, P.C.; Yar, M.S. Pharmacological Significance of Triazole Scaffold. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 2011, 26, 1–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hein, J.E.; Fokin, V.V. Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) and beyond: New Reactivity of Copper(I) Acetylides. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 1302–1315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liang, L.; Astruc, D. The Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) “Click” Reaction and Its Applications. An Overview. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011, 255, 2933–2945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lou, C.; Zhu, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Zhu, R.; Zhao, H. Arctigenin, a Lignan from Arctium Lappa L., Inhibits Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer Cells through the Downregulation of MMP-2/-9 and Heparanase in MDA-MB-231 Cells. Oncol. Rep. 2017, 37, 179–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paulin, E.K.; Leung, E.; Pilkington, L.I.; Barker, D. The enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-7-oxohinokinin, (+)-7-oxoarcitin, (+)-conicaol B and (−)-isopolygamain. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2022, 20, 4324–4330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lo, S.; Leung, E.; Fedrizzi, B.; Barker, D. Syntheses of mono-acylated luteolin derivatives, evaluation of their antiproliferative and radical scavenging activities and implications on their oral bioavailability. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 12595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kakis, F.J.; Fetizon, M.; Douchkine, N.; Golfier, M.; Mourgues, P.; Prange, T. Mechanistic Studies Regarding the Oxidation of Alcohols by Silver Carbonate on Celite. J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 523–533. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leung, E.; Kim, J.E.; Rewcastle, G.W.; Finlay, G.J.; Baguley, B.C. Comparison of the Effects of the PI3K/MTOR Inhibitors NVP-BEZ235 and GSK2126458 on Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2011, 11, 938–946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hung, J.M.; Arabshahi, H.J.; Leung, E.; Reynisson, R.; Barker, D. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014, 86, 420–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haverkate, N.A.; Leung, E.; Pilkington, L.I.; Barker, D. Tethered Aryl Groups Increase the Activity of Anti-Proliferative Thieno[2,3-b]Pyridines by Targeting a Lipophilic Region in the Active Site of PI-PLC. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rees, S.W.P.; Barker, D.; Pilkington, L.I.; Leung, E.; Reynisson, J. Development of 2-Morpholino-N-Hydroxybenzamides as Anti-Proliferative PC-PLC Inhibitors. Bioorg. Chem. 2021, 114, 105152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xia, Y.; Mo, Z.; Sun, L.; Zou, L.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, J.; Wang, L. First Total Synthesis of Quiquesetinerviusin A. J. Chem. Res. 2017, 41, 296–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hattori, H.; Mitsunaga, T.; Clive, D.L.J. Synthesis of Phenolic Components of Grains of Paradise. Tetrahedron Lett. 2019, 60, 1989–1991. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Purushotham Reddy, S.; Chinnababu, B.; Venkateswarlu, Y. First Stereoselective and Concise Synthesis of Rhoiptelol C. Helv. Chim. Acta 2014, 97, 999–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mane, B.B.; Kumbhar, D.D.; Waghmode, S.B. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Ligraminol D and Ligraminol E. Synlett 2019, 30, 2285–2289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kikuzaki, H.; Hara, S.; Kawai, Y.; Nakatani, N. Antioxidative Phenylpropanoids from Berries of Pimenta Dioica. Phytochemistry 1999, 52, 1307–1312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davies, S.G.; Goddard, E.C.; Roberts, P.M.; Russell, A.J.; Smith, A.D.; Thomson, J.E.; Withey, J.M. Strategies for the Construction of Morphinan Alkaloid AB-Rings: Regioselective Friedel-Crafts-Type Cyclisations of γ-Aryl-β-Benzoylamido Acids with Asymmetrically Substituted γ-Aryl Rings. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2016, 27, 274–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, R.; Song, W.; Ma, C.; Zhang, H.; Yu, X. Titanium(IV) Chloride-Mediated Stereoselective α-Alkylidenation to Efficiently Assemble Multisubstituted 1,3-Dienes. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2016, 358, 3977–3982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hryniewicka, A.; Misztalewska, I.; Czajkowska-Szczykowska, D.; Urbańczyk-Lipkowska, Z.; Morzycki, J.W.; Witkowski, S. New Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Polyether Clamp in N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Ligands. Tetrahedron 2014, 70, 6810–6816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Parpal, F.; Pandolfi, E.; Heguaburu, V. (π-Allyl)Palladium Coupling of 2-(Tributylstannyl)cyclopent-2-enone for the Synthesis of Jasmonoid Analogs. Tetrahedron Lett. 2017, 58, 1965–1968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dittrich, N.; Pilkington, L.I.; Leung, E.; Barker, D. Synthesis of N-Benzyl-des-D-ring Lamellarin K via an Acyl-Claisen/Paal-Knorr Approach. Tetrahedron 2017, 73, 1881–1894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Compound | Relative Thymidine Uptake at 10 µM (%) | |
---|---|---|
HCT-116 | MDA-MB-231 | |
16 | 42.70 ± 1.47 | 54.48 ± 2.17 |
18 | 67.44 ± 8.16 | 86.62 ±3.64 |
19 | 90.01 ± 0.97 | 100.40 ± 2.66 |
20 | 87.83 ± 1.20 | 92.22 ± 2.66 |
21 | 48.92 ± 1.48 | 60.60 ± 1.68 |
22 | 44.64 ± 1.08 | 50.69 ± 2.37 |
23 | 42.31 ± 0.93 | 60.45 ± 0.47 |
24 | 34.80 ± 0.15 | 44.15 ± 1.78 |
25 | 86.01 ± 0.65 | 104.00 ± 3.48 |
26 | 90.38 ± 2.00 | 105.19 ± 5.09 |
27 | 55.86 ± 0.86 | 75.04 ± 3.06 |
29 | 23.72 ± 1.54 | 36.53 ± 1.32 |
30 | 76.48 ± 3.97 | 96.57 ± 2.88 |
32 | 28.02 ± 2.17 | 44.80 ± 0.37 |
33 | 16.48 ± 0.29 | 34.09 ± 1.58 |
Arctigenin * | - | 84.81 ± 5.96 [32] |
Compound | Mean IC50 ± Standard Error (µM) | |
---|---|---|
HCT-116 | MDA-MB-231 | |
24 | 6.10 ± 1.53 | 6.90 ± 0.10 |
29 | 5.17 ± 1.13 | 6.23 ± 0.63 |
32 | 3.27 ± 1.13 | 6.89 ± 0.20 |
33 | 5.29 ± 1.17 | 7.45 ± 0.70 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Paulin, E.K.; Leung, E.; Pilkington, L.I.; Barker, D. Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of Arctigenin Analogues with C-9′ Derivatisation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1167. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24021167
Paulin EK, Leung E, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of Arctigenin Analogues with C-9′ Derivatisation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1167. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24021167
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulin, Emily K., Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, and David Barker. 2023. "Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of Arctigenin Analogues with C-9′ Derivatisation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1167. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24021167