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Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330
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Reply

Reply to Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330

1
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
2
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
3
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0075, Japan
4
Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(1), 175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17010175
Submission received: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 28 November 2019 / Published: 25 December 2019
Seven participants had a diagnosis of dementia; the number of excluded participants differed based on different exclusion processes, and there was missing data of one participant with a dementia diagnosis. That is, one participant was excluded in the missing data before being excluded by the dementia diagnosis. Certification for long-term care in Japan occurs at the disability level, not at the frailty level [1,2]. Therefore, in many Japanese cohort studies, certification for long-term care is an exclusion criterion [3]. Also, in this study, participants who were already certified for long-term care were excluded from the discussion of the frailty state. There can be multiple causes of chronic pain that cannot be identified in a single community-based cohort study [4]. Further, in the current study, we did not explore the use of painkillers and, thus far, no discussion has taken place in this regard [5]. This is an aspect we would like to consider in future studies.

Author Contributions

Y.N. was responsible for study conceptualization and design, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing the manuscript. H.M. contributed to study conceptualization and design, subject recruitment, interpretation of data, and writing the manuscript. R.K., K.T., and Y.T. were instrumental in acquiring data and preparing the manuscript. T.K., T.T. and M.O. helped with recruitment, interpreting the data, and preparing the manuscript. All authors were involved in designing the study; all contributed to and approved the final manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by AMED under Grant Number JP18dk0207027; Research Funding for Longevity Sciences (29-42) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research) Grant Number JP17K19870.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Alizargar, J. Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  2. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Long-Term Care Insurance System of Japan. J. Digit. Converg. 2016. Available online: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/care-welfare/care-welfare-elderly/dl/ltcisj_e.pdf (accessed on 1 July 2019).
  3. Shimada, H.; Makizako, H.; Doi, T.; Tsutsumimoto, K.; Suzuki, T. Incidence of Disability in Frail Older Persons with or without Slow Walking Speed. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2015, 16, 690–696. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Treede, R.-D.; Rief, W.; Barke, A.; Aziz, Q.; Bennett, M.I.; Benoliel, R.; Cohen, M.; Evers, S.; Finnerup, N.B.; First, M.B.; et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain 2015, 156, 1003–1007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
  5. Wade, K.F.; Lee, D.M.; Mcbeth, J.; Ravindrarajah, R.; Gielen, E.; Pye, S.R.; Vanderschueren, D.; Pendleton, N.; Finn, J.D.; Bartfai, G.; et al. Chronic widespread pain is associated with worsening frailty in European men. Age Ageing 2016, 45, 268–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Reply to Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 175. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17010175

AMA Style

Nakai Y, Makizako H, Kiyama R, Tomioka K, Taniguchi Y, Kubozono T, Takenaka T, Ohishi M. Reply to Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(1):175. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17010175

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nakai, Yuki, Hyuma Makizako, Ryoji Kiyama, Kazutoshi Tomioka, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Takuro Kubozono, Toshihiro Takenaka, and Mitsuru Ohishi. 2020. "Reply to Comment on Nakai, Y.; Makizako, H.; Kiyama, R.; Tomioka, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kubozono, T.; Takenaka, T.; Ohishi, M. Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1330, doi:10.3390/ijerph16081330" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 175. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17010175

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