Successful Smoking Cessation among Women Smokers Based on Utilizing National Smoking Cessation Service Type in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. The Process of Various Programs
2.3. Measurement
2.3.1. General Characteristics
2.3.2. Smoking-Related Characteristics
2.3.3. Smoking Cessation Success Rate
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Smoking-Related Characteristics
3.3. Success of Smoking Cessation Based on Duration
4. Odds Ratios for Success of Smoking Cessation According to Each Smoking Cessation Service Compared with the Women-Only Program
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Public Health Center | Residential Program | Visiting Smoking Cessation Service | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Smoking Cessation Clinic n = 94,562 (%) | Moving Smoking Cessation Service n = 22,270 (%) | Campaign n = 6068 (%) | 4-Night 5-Day Program n = 508 (%) | Inpatient Program n = 457 (%) | Out of School Youth Program n = 4168 (%) | Women-Only Program n = 13,903 (%) | College Students Program n = 2357 (%) | Disabled Program n = 395 (%) | Total n = 144,688 (%) | p-Value |
Age | |||||||||||
10–19 | 7238 (7.7) | 5376 (24.1) | 781 (12.9) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (3.7) | 4034 (96.8) | 1218 (8.8) | 1012 (42.9) | 11 (2.8) | 19,687 (13.6) | 0.001 |
20–29 | 15,353 (16.2) | 4563 (20.5) | 956 (15.8) | 5 (1.0) | 51 (11.2) | 134 (3.2) | 5800 (41.7) | 1331 (56.5) | 30 (7.6) | 28,223 (19.5) | |
30–39 | 18,200 (19.3) | 2404 (10) | 538 (8.9) | 76 (15.0) | 65 (14.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3136 (22.6) | 12 (0.5) | 67 (17.0) | 24,498 (16.9) | |
40–49 | 19,756 (20.9) | 2826 (12.7) | 872 (14.4) | 119 (23.4) | 110 (24.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2188 (15.7) | 2 (0.1) | 95 (24.1) | 25,968 (18.1) | |
50–59 | 20,182 (21.3) | 3274 (14.7) | 1150 (19.0) | 178 (35.0) | 113 (24.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1098 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 95 (24.1) | 26,090 (18.0) | |
60– | 13,833 (14.7) | 3827 (12.2) | 1771 (29.2) | 130 (25.6) | 101 (22.1) | 0 (0.0) | 463 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 97 (24.5) | 20,222 (14.0) | |
Job | |||||||||||
Office | 7461 (7.9) | 1706 (7.7) | 135 (2.2) | 50 (9.8) | 22 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 934 (6.7) | 1 (0.0) | 9 (2.3) | 10,318 (7.1) | 0.001 |
Service | 16,907 (17.9) | 2142 (9.6) | 447 (7.4) | 54 (10.6) | 75 (16.4) | 0 (0.0) | 5876 (42.3) | 3 (0.1) | 13 (3.3) | 25,517 (17.6) | |
Skilled | 3884 (4.1) | 716 (3.2) | 62 (1.0) | 14 (2.8) | 11 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 873 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (2.5) | 5570 (4.0) | |
Etc. | 30,482 (32.2) | 8557 (38.4) | 3516 (57.9) | 153 (30.1) | 83 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3928 (28.3) | 2248 (95.4) | 49 (12.4) | 49,016 (33.9) | |
No job | 23,439 (24.8) | 2508 (11.3) | 446 (7.4) | 179 (35.2) | 179 (39.2) | 0 (0.0) | 943 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 213 (53.9) | 27,907 (19.3) | |
Youth | 5145 (5.4) | 2729 (12.3) | 261 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4168 (100) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12,305 (8.5) | |
No Response | 7244 (7.7) | 3912 (17.6) | 1201 (19.8) | 58 (11.4) | 87 (19.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1348 (9.7) | 104 (4.4) | 101 (25.6) | 14,055 (9.7) | |
Drink | |||||||||||
Yes | 38,336 (40.5) | 3874 (17.4) | 104 (1.7) | 223 (43.9) | 171 (37.4) | 2382 (57.2) | 6029 (43.4) | 1543 (65.5) | 103 (26.1) | 52,765 (36.5) | 0.001 |
No | 56,226 (59.5) | 18,396 (82.6) | 5964 (98.3) | 285 (56.1) | 286 (62.6) | 1786 (42.9) | 7874 (56.6) | 814 (34.5) | 292 (73.9) | 91,923 (63.5) | |
Exercise | |||||||||||
Yes | 21,768 (23.0) | 1842 (8.3) | 30 (0.49) | 210 (41.3) | 78 (17.1) | 865 (20.8) | 2238 (16.1) | 545 (23.1) | 147 (37.3) | 27,723 (19.2) | 0.001 |
No | 72,794 (77.0) | 20,428 (91.7) | 6038 (99.51) | 298 (58.7) | 379 (82.9) | 3303 (79.3) | 11,665 (83.9) | 1812 (76.9) | 248 (62.8) | 116,965 (80.8) |
Public Health Center | Residential Program | Visiting Smoking Cessation Service | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Smoking Cessation Clinic (n = 94,562) | Moving Smoking Cessation Service (n = 22,270) | Campaign (n = 6068) | 4-Night 5-Day Program (n = 508) | Inpatient Program (n = 457) | Out of School Youth Program (n = 4168) | Women-Only Program (n = 13,903) | College Students Program (n = 2357) | Disabled Program (n = 395) | Total (n = 144,688) | p-Value |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Cigarettes per day | 13.8 (8.2) e | 7.9 (6.9) b | 5.7 (5.2) a | 18.3 (7.9) g | 15.5 (8.5) f | 13.8 (9.4) e | 10.3 (6.4) c | 9.6 (5.9) c | 12.1 (9.8) d | 12.2 (8.2) | 0.001 |
Age of first smoking | 23.8 (8.4) e | 21.9 (7.5) d | 24.6 (8.1) e | 24.7 (7.8) e | 25.1 (8.7) f | 14.4 (1.6) a | 20.5 (6.2) c | 17.2 (2.4) b | 24.9 (8.9) ef | 22.8 (8.1) | 0.001 |
Smoking period | 19.7 (11.5) d | 17.3 (14.8) c | 22.2 (15.8) e | 28.5 (8.4) g | 23.4 (11.9) ef | 3.4 (1.8) a | 13.5 (9.6) b | 4.5 (2.7) a | 24.7 (12.0) f | 18.2 (12.5) | 0.001 |
Quit smoking attempt period | 34.3 (147.4) c | 11.8 (74.3) ab | 1.1 (17.1) a | 24.4 (109.1) b | 33.5 (158.2) bc | 31.4 (87.6) b | 36.2 (148.9) c | 38.6 (106.2) cd | 49.6 (214.7) d | 29.6 (134.0) | 0.001 |
CO level (ppm) | 9.8 (8.8) ef | 5.2 (6.3) b | 3.5 (4.6) a | 10.3 (8.0) f | 6.3 (7.8) bc | 6.0 (6.7) b | 9.1 (7.8) e | 7.6 (6.8) cd | 8.8 (8.4) de | 8.6 (8.4) | 0.001 |
4 weeks success | 9.3 (8.6) | 4.9 (6.1) | 3.9 (5.2) | 10.1 (7.8) | 6.1 (7.7) | 4 (5.9) | 8.1 (7.6) | 6.5 (6.8) | 6.90 (8.6) | ||
failure | 11.0 (9.2) | 5.8 (6.6) | 3.4 (4.6) | 12.7 (9.3) | 6.7 (7.9) | 6.9 (6.8) | 9.6 (7.8) | 8.1 (6.7) | 10.3 (7.9) | ||
6 weeks success | 9.2 (8.5) | 4.8 (6.0) | 3.8 (4.6) | 9.9 (7.8) | 6.1 (7.8) | 3.8 (5.7) | 7.8 (7.6) | 6.1 (6.6) | 6.0 (7.8) | ||
failure | 10.9 (9.1) | 5.9 (6.6) | 3.5 (4.6) | 12.6 (8.6) | 6.5 (7.8) | 6.76 (6.8) | 9.6 (7.8) | 8.2 (6.8) | 10.1 (8.4) | ||
12 weeks success | 8.8 (8.4) | 4.5 (5.9) | 4.1 (5.2) | 9.7 (7.9) | 5.8 (8.0) | 3.20 (5.4) | 7.2 (7.5) | 5.6 (6.6) | 5.0 (7.7) | ||
failure | 10.8 (9.1) | 5.8 (6.6) | 3.5 (4.6) | 11.9 (8.1) | 6.6 (7.7) | 6.56 (6.7) | 9.5 (7.8) | 8.1 (6.8) | 9.8 (8.3) | ||
6 months success | 8.2 (8.1) | 4.2 (5.5) | 4.2 (5.3) | 9.4 (7.9) | 4.9 (7.0) | 2.70 (4.9) | 5.5 (6.3) | 2.7 (4.9) | 3.5 (6.4) | ||
failure | 10.6 (9.0) | 5.6 (6.5) | 3.5 (4.6) | 11.3 (7.9) | 6.7 (8.0) | 6.31 (6.7) | 9.5 (7.8) | 6.3 (6.7) | 9.7 (8.4) |
Public Health Center | Residential Program | Visiting Smoking Cessation Service | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Smoking Cessation Clinic n = 94,562 (%) | Moving Smoking Cessation Service n = 22,270 (%) | Campaign n = 6068 (%) | 4-Night 5-Day Program n = 508 (%) | Inpatient Program n = 457 (%) | Out of School Youth Program n = 4168 (%) | Women-Only Program n = 13,903 (%) | College Students Program n = 2357 (%) | Disabled Program n = 395 (%) | Total (n = 144,688) | p-Value |
4 weeks | |||||||||||
Success | 66,641 (70.5) | 15,491 (69.6) | 537 (8.8) | 461 (90.7) | 276 (60.4) | 1318 (31.6) | 5008 (36) | 854 (36.2) | 179 (45.3) | 90,765 (62.7) | 0.001 |
Failure | 27,921 (29.5) | 6779 (30.4) | 5531 (91.2) | 47 (9.3) | 181 (39.6) | 2850 (68.4) | 8895 (64) | 1503 (63.8) | 216 (54.7) | 53,923 (37.3) | |
6 weeks | |||||||||||
Success | 60,263 (63.7) | 13,977 (62.8) | 450 (7.4) | 427 (84.1) | 240 (52.5) | 1107 (26.6) | 4071 (29.3) | 738 (31.3) | 130 (32.9) | 81,403 (56.3) | 0.001 |
Failure | 34,299 (36.3) | 8293 (37.2) | 5618 (92.6) | 81 (15.9) | 217 (47.5) | 3061 (73.4) | 9832 (70.7) | 1619 (68.7) | 265 (67.1) | 63,285 (43.7) | |
12 weeks | |||||||||||
Success | 47,181 (49.9) | 10,442 (46.9) | 312 (5.1) | 361 (71.1) | 170 (37.2) | 735 (17.6) | 2766 (19.9) | 485 (20.6) | 87 (22) | 62,539 (43.2) | 0.001 |
Failure | 47,381 (50.1) | 11,828 (53.1) | 5756 (94.9) | 147 (28.9) | 287 (62.8) | 3433 (82.4) | 11,137 (80.1) | 1872 (79.4) | 308 (78) | 82,149 (56.8) | |
6 month | |||||||||||
Success | 31,631 (33.5) | 6313 (28.3) | 106 (1.7) | 269 (53) | 113 (24.7) | 400 (9.6) | 1567 (11.3) | 270 (11.5) | 59 (14.9) | 40,728 (28.1) | 0.001 |
Failure | 62,931 (66.5) | 15,957 (71.7) | 5962 (98.3) | 239 (47) | 344 (75.3) | 3768 (90.4) | 12,336 (88.7) | 2087 (88.5) | 336 (85.1) | 103,960 (71.9) |
Type of National Smoking Cessation Service | 4 Weeks | 6 Weeks | 12 Weeks | 6 Month | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Public health center | Smoking cessation clinic | 4.06 (3.91–4.22) | 4.05 (3.89–4.21) | 3.79 (3.63–3.96) | 3.72 (3.52–3.92) |
Moving smoking cessation service | 3.82 (3.65–4.00) | 3.89 (3.71–4.08) | 3.39 (3.22–3.56) | 2.97 (2.79–3.16) | |
Campaign | 0.16 (0.14–0.18) | 0.18 (0.16–0.20) | 0.20 (0.17–0.22) | 0.12 (0.10–0.15) | |
Residential program | 4-night 5-day program | 16.02 (11.84–21.68) | 11.55 (9.08–14.69) | 8.83 (7.26–10.76) | 7.79 (6.49–9.35) |
Inpatient program | 2.55 (2.11–3.09) | 2.50 (2.07–3.02) | 2.20 (1.81–2.67) | 2.36 (1.89–2.94) | |
Visiting smoking cessation service | Out of school youth program | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) |
College students program | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | |
Disabled program | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | 1.07 (0.87–1.33) | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 1.20 (0.91–1.60) | |
Women-Only Program | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Lee, D.; Lee, K.-S.; Lee, A.; Ahn, H.; Lee, H.-K.; Kim, H.; Lee, J.; Seo, H.-G. Successful Smoking Cessation among Women Smokers Based on Utilizing National Smoking Cessation Service Type in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6578. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18126578
Lee D, Lee K-S, Lee A, Ahn H, Lee H-K, Kim H, Lee J, Seo H-G. Successful Smoking Cessation among Women Smokers Based on Utilizing National Smoking Cessation Service Type in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6578. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18126578
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Dahyeon, Kang-Sook Lee, Ahnna Lee, Hyeju Ahn, Hyun-Kyung Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Jakyoung Lee, and Hong-Gwan Seo. 2021. "Successful Smoking Cessation among Women Smokers Based on Utilizing National Smoking Cessation Service Type in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6578. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18126578