The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness in Preschool Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Self-Regulation
2.2.2. Cognitive School Readiness
2.2.3. Physical Activity
2.2.4. Socio-Demographic Factors
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation, and Cognitive School Readiness
3.3. Mediation Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % Or Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | ||
Child gender (male) | 56 | 53.60 |
Child mean age | 56 | 3.45 (0.69) |
Parent gender (female) 1 | 56 | 96.43 |
Parent highest education level 1 | ||
Secondary or less | 11 | 19.60 |
Trade/apprenticeship/certificate | 8 | 14.30 |
Bachelor degree or higher | 37 | 66.10 |
SES 2 | 56 | |
Low | 4 | 7.10 |
Medium | 21 | 37.50 |
High | 31 | 55.40 |
Physical Activity Levels | ||
Total physical activity(min/day) 3 | 56 | 161.67 (37.73) |
MVPA (min/day) 3 | 52 | 79.99 (28.63) |
Cognitive Outcomes | ||
Self-regulation 4 | 55 | 55.75 (28.46) |
Cognitive school readiness 5 | 56 | 109.07 (15.30) |
Model 1 Self Regulation 1 | p Value | Model 2-Cognitive School Readiness 2 | p Value | Model 3-Cognitive School Readiness 3 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | ||||
Child age (years) | 17.46 (4.91) | <0.01 ** | −1.73 (3.41) | 0.61 | −3.22 (3.66) | 0.378 |
Child gender (male ^) | 3.04 (7.21) | 0.67 | 5.10 (4.71) | 0.28 | 1.37 (3.79) | 0.717 |
Mid SES 4 | 22.62 (11.99) | 0.06 | 0.15 (8.97) | 0.99 | −4.29 (9.09) | 0.637 |
High SES 4 | 32.15 (12.01) | <0.01 ** | 9.65 (9.15) | 0.29 | −0.16 (9.21) | 0.989 |
Mins of MVPA/day | 0.29 (0.13) | 0.03 * | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.02 * | - | - |
Mins of total physical activity/day | 0.18 (0.10) | 0.06 | 0.16 (0.07) | 0.02 * | - | - |
Self-regulation | - | - | - | - | 0.22(0.08) | 0.009 ** |
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Bai, P.; Johnson, S.; Trost, S.G.; Lester, L.; Nathan, A.; Christian, H. The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness in Preschool Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11797. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182211797
Bai P, Johnson S, Trost SG, Lester L, Nathan A, Christian H. The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness in Preschool Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22):11797. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182211797
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Pulan, Sarah Johnson, Stewart G. Trost, Leanne Lester, Andrea Nathan, and Hayley Christian. 2021. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness in Preschool Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22: 11797. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182211797