Death Notification in Italian Critical Care Unites and Emergency Services. A Qualitative Study with Physicians, Nurses and Relatives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Qualitative Research
2.1. Aims
2.2. Methods
3. Results Inherent to Physicians
3.1. First Area of Thematic Prevalence: Changes in the Relational Dimension
3.1.1. Relationships with Patients
3.1.2. Relationships with Family Members
3.2. Second Area of Thematic Prevalence: Difficulties Related to Death Notification
3.3. Third Area of Thematic Prevalence: Distress and Protective Factors
3.3.1. Causes of Distress
3.3.2. Protective Factors
4. Results concerning the Nurses
4.1. First Area of Thematic Prevalence: Changes in the Relational Dimension
4.1.1. The Relationships with the Patients
4.1.2. The Use of Videocalling
4.2. Second Area of Thematic Prevalence: The Impact of Death
4.2.1. The Drama of High Death in Loneliness
4.2.2. Death notification
4.3. Third Area of Thematic Prevalence: Protective Factors
4.3.1. Relational Resources
4.3.2. Post-Traumatic Growth
5. Results Concerning the Receivers
5.1. First Area of Thematic Prevalence: The Hospital Perceived as a Prison
5.1.1. The Effects of Social Distancing and the Reclusion of the Ill Relative
5.1.2. Relationships with Health Professionals
5.2. Second Area of Thematic Prevalence: Bereavement between Death Notification, the Lost Ritual and Continuing Bonds
5.2.1. Death Notification
5.2.2. Bereavement
5.2.3. Lost Ritual and Continuing Bonds
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Limits and Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Testoni, I.; Iacona, E.; Palazzo, L.; Barzizza, B.; Baldrati, B.; Mazzon, D.; Navalesi, P.; Mistraletti, G.; Leo, D.D. Death Notification in Italian Critical Care Unites and Emergency Services. A Qualitative Study with Physicians, Nurses and Relatives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13338. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413338
Testoni I, Iacona E, Palazzo L, Barzizza B, Baldrati B, Mazzon D, Navalesi P, Mistraletti G, Leo DD. Death Notification in Italian Critical Care Unites and Emergency Services. A Qualitative Study with Physicians, Nurses and Relatives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13338. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413338
Chicago/Turabian StyleTestoni, Ines, Erika Iacona, Lorenza Palazzo, Beatrice Barzizza, Beatrice Baldrati, Davide Mazzon, Paolo Navalesi, Giovanni Mistraletti, and Diego De Leo. 2021. "Death Notification in Italian Critical Care Unites and Emergency Services. A Qualitative Study with Physicians, Nurses and Relatives" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13338. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413338