Sex and Limb Differences in Lower Extremity Alignment and Kinematics during Drop Vertical Jumps
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Dynamic Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric Measurements
3.2. Dynamic Measurements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement | ICC | SEM |
---|---|---|
Pelvic tilt | 0.88 | 1.35 |
Femoral anteversion | 0.94 | 0.91 |
Q-angle | 0.93 | 0.94 |
Genu recurvatum | 0.90 | 1.09 |
Tibial torsion | 0.93 | 1.97 |
Navicular drop | 0.95 | 0.53 |
Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant | Non-Dominant | Dominant | Non-Dominant | |
Pelvic tilt * | 8.6 (3.3) | 9.0 (3.9) | 10.8 (3.5) | 10.8 (3.7) |
Femoral anteversion * | 7.1 (6.9) | 7.7 (6.1) | 10.1 (6.3) | 9.6 (6.7) |
Q-angle * | 14.6 (4.7) | 14.1 (4.7) | 21.8 (5.4) | 21.4 (4.7) |
Genu recurvatum † | 2.1 (4.1) | 1.3 (3.9) | 3.1 (2.9) | 2.3 (3.3) |
Tibial torsion * | 20.0 (7.4) | 20.1 (6.3) | 16.6 (6.2) | 17.2 (5.7) |
Navicular drop | 7.9 (3.8) | 8.4 (4.0) | 7.5 (3.8) | 8.0 (3.4) |
Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant | Non-Dominant | Dominant | Non-Dominant | |
Hip flexion/extension † | 36.3 (7.3) | 37.0 (8.5) | 37.1 (5.8) | 38.7 (5.2) |
Hip adduction/abduction *† | −10.8 (3.9) | −13.0 (4.1) | −7.6 (3.7) | −10.9 (3.9) |
Hip internal/external rotation † | −6.2 (9.8) | −8.9 (11.4) | −6.1 (10.4) | −9.8 (10.2) |
Knee flexion/extension *† | 25.3 (7.1) | 27.1 (7.6) | 20.7 (5.9) | 23.9 (6.0) |
Knee adduction /abduction * | 4.9 (4.6) | 4.6 (4.6) | 1.7 (4.3) | 0.5 (5.1) |
Knee internal/external rotation † | 4.4 (9.4) | 6.5 (9.0) | 1.1 (8.1) | 7.1 (8.5) |
Ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion * | −10.6 (11.6) | −11.0 (10.6) | −16.8 (10.9) | −14.8 (11.3) |
Ankle inversion/eversion † | −3.5 (8.7) | −0.1 (8.9) | 0.6 (8.4) | 1.3 (8.6) |
Ankle internal/external rotation * | 0.3 (1.9) | 0.1 (2.0) | −0.7 (2.0) | −0.6 (1.8) |
Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant | Non-Dominant | Dominant | Non-Dominant | |
Hip flexion † | 75.5 (15.1) | 79.9 (12.1) | 78.6 (15.3) | 81.6 (11.6) |
Hip adduction *,†,§ | −6.8 (4.7) | −9.7 (3.9) | −3.1 (4.1) | −5.9 (4.3) |
Hip internal rotation | 6.1 (10.2) | 4.9 (12.5) | 5.9 (9.6) | 2.5 (10.5) |
Knee flexion † | 100.4 (15.7) | 101.7 (15.7) | 97.8 (12.9) | 100.3 (14.7) |
Knee abduction *,†,§ | −2.3 (7.9) | −5.4 (9.0) | −9.8 (9.0) | −14.9 (11.6) |
Knee internal rotation *,† | 23.9 (9.9) | 27.4 (9.6) | 18.7 (9.3) | 24.4 (9.6) |
Ankle dorsiflexion ‡ | 34.2 (5.0) | 33.7 (5.0) | 34.3 (4.5) | 35.7 (6.1) |
Ankle eversion *,§ | −1.1 (1.9) | −1.5 (1.8) | −2.0 (2.0) | −1.9 (1.9) |
Ankle external rotation ‡,§ | −25.4 (7.9) | −23.0 (6.1) | −24.2 (7.7) | −26.0 (6.9) |
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Chun, Y.; Bailey, J.P.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.-C.; Lee, S.Y. Sex and Limb Differences in Lower Extremity Alignment and Kinematics during Drop Vertical Jumps. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3748. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18073748
Chun Y, Bailey JP, Kim J, Lee S-C, Lee SY. Sex and Limb Differences in Lower Extremity Alignment and Kinematics during Drop Vertical Jumps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3748. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18073748
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun, Youngmin, Joshua P. Bailey, Jinah Kim, Sung-Cheol Lee, and Sae Yong Lee. 2021. "Sex and Limb Differences in Lower Extremity Alignment and Kinematics during Drop Vertical Jumps" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3748. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18073748