A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Survey on Air Infection Control among Romanian People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Participants
2.2. The Survey
2.3. Study Group
2.4. Demographic Characteristics
2.5. Domain: Knowledge Data
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Assessing the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airborne Infection Transmission
3.3. Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Attitude of the Subjects in the Context of Airborne Infection Control
3.4. Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Attitude of the Subjects towards the Use of Protective Masks
3.5. Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge on the Compliance of the Subjects Regarding the Administration of Vaccines for Diseases Transmitted through the Air
4. Discussion
4.1. Assessment of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Transmission of Infection by Air
4.2. Assessment of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Attitude of the Subjects Regarding the Control of Airborne Infection
4.3. Assessing the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Attitude of Subjects towards the Use of Protective Masks
4.4. Assessing of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Compliance of the Subjects According the Administration of Vaccines for Airborne Diseases
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Question | Total | Gender | p | χ2 | Environment | p | χ2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Female | Male | Rural | Urban | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||||||
Q 4 = Do you believe that the dental team is required to wear protective equipment even if you are healthy? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 124 | 61.39 | 74 | 36.63 | 50 | 24.75 | 0.955 a, b | 0.67 | 49 | 24.26 | 75 | 37.13 | 0.271 a, b | 5.16 |
Agree | 60 | 29.70 | 35 | 17.33 | 25 | 12.38 | 22 | 10.89 | 38 | 18.81 | ||||
Undecided | 13 | 6.44 | 9 | 4.46 | 4 | 1.98 | 7 | 3.47 | 6 | 2.97 | ||||
Disagree | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 2 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 3 | 1.49 | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.50 | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.50 | ||||
Q 5 = Do you consider the dentist’s office a source of airborne infection? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 21 | 10.40 | 12 | 5.94 | 9 | 4.46 | 0.847 | 1.38 | 5 | 2.48 | 16 | 7.92 | 0.570 | 2.93 |
Agree | 37 | 18.32 | 23 | 11.39 | 14 | 6.93 | 15 | 7.43 | 22 | 10.89 | ||||
Undecided | 61 | 30.20 | 37 | 18.32 | 24 | 11.88 | 27 | 13.37 | 34 | 16.83 | ||||
Disagree | 58 | 28.71 | 32 | 15.84 | 26 | 12.87 | 24 | 11.88 | 34 | 16.83 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 25 | 12.38 | 17 | 8.42 | 8 | 3.96 | 11 | 5.45 | 14 | 6.93 | ||||
Q 6 = Do you consider yourself protected in a dental office in terms of airborne diseases? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 41 | 20.30 | 21 | 10.40 | 20 | 9.90 | 0.493 a | 3.40 | 15 | 7.43 | 26 | 12.87 | 0.309 a | 4.80 |
Agree | 82 | 40.59 | 47 | 23.27 | 35 | 17.33 | 29 | 14.36 | 53 | 26.24 | ||||
Undecided | 54 | 26.73 | 37 | 18.32 | 17 | 8.42 | 27 | 13.37 | 27 | 13.37 | ||||
Disagree | 20 | 9.90 | 13 | 6.44 | 7 | 3.47 | 10 | 4.95 | 10 | 4.95 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 5 | 2.48 | 3 | 1.49 | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.50 | 4 | 1.98 | ||||
Q7 = Did you know that respiratory infections can be transmitted when you talk? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 81 | 40.10 | 47 | 23.27 | 34 | 16.83 | 0.677 a | 2.32 | 24 | 11.88 | 57 | 28.22 | 0.055 a | 9.25 |
Agree | 89 | 44.06 | 51 | 25.25 | 38 | 18.81 | 42 | 20.79 | 47 | 23.27 | ||||
Undecided | 22 | 10.89 | 16 | 7.92 | 6 | 2.97 | 9 | 4.455 | 13 | 6.436 | ||||
Disagree | 7 | 3.47 | 5 | 2.48 | 2 | 0.99 | 5 | 2.475 | 2 | 0.99 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 3 | 1.49 | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.495 | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.495 | ||||
Q 8 = Do you think that an outpatient diagnosed with TB under treatment is contagious? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 51 | 25.25 | 29 | 14.36 | 22 | 10.89 | 0.413 a | 3.95 | 16 | 7.921 | 35 | 17.33 | 0.370 a | 4.28 |
Agree | 76 | 37.62 | 42 | 20.79 | 34 | 16.83 | 32 | 15.84 | 44 | 21.78 | ||||
Undecided | 50 | 24.75 | 31 | 15.35 | 19 | 9.406 | 23 | 11.39 | 27 | 13.37 | ||||
Disagree | 19 | 9.41 | 15 | 7.43 | 4 | 1.98 | 7 | 3.465 | 12 | 5.941 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 6 | 2.97 | 4 | 1.98 | 2 | 0.99 | 4 | 1.98 | 2 | 0.99 | ||||
Q 9 = Do you think that the airing of the space where you usually sit is sufficient for air decontamination? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 32 | 15.84 | 17 | 8.42 | 15 | 7.43 | 0.799 a | 1.653 | 11 | 5.45 | 21 | 10.40 | 0.390 a | 4.119 |
Agree | 66 | 32.67 | 42 | 20.79 | 24 | 11.88 | 29 | 14.36 | 37 | 18.32 | ||||
Undecided | 63 | 31.19 | 36 | 17.82 | 27 | 13.37 | 21 | 10.40 | 42 | 20.79 | ||||
Disagree | 37 | 18.32 | 23 | 11.39 | 14 | 6.93 | 19 | 9.41 | 18 | 8.91 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 4 | 1.98 | 3 | 1.49 | 1 | 0.50 | 2 | 0.99 | 2 | 0.99 |
Question | Total | Gender | p | χ2 | Environment | p | χ2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Female | Male | Rural | Urban | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||||||
Q 10 = Do you think it is important to inform the dentist when you suffer from an infection transmitted by air? | ||||||||||||||
Unimportant | 2 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.799 a, b | 1.01 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.868 a, b | 0.72 |
Slightly Important | 12 | 5.94 | 6 | 2.97 | 6 | 2.97 | 4 | 1.98 | 8 | 3.96 | ||||
Important | 66 | 32.67 | 38 | 18.81 | 28 | 13.86 | 29 | 14.36 | 37 | 18.32 | ||||
Very Important | 122 | 60.40 | 76 | 37.62 | 46 | 22.77 | 48 | 23.76 | 74 | 36.63 | ||||
Q 11 = Do you practice hand hygiene after covering your mouth while sneezing or coughing? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 51 | 25.25 | 32 | 15.84 | 19 | 9.41 | 0.953 a | 0.69 | 23 | 11.39 | 28 | 13.86 | 0.158 a | 6.61 |
Agree | 97 | 48.02 | 59 | 29.21 | 38 | 18.81 | 34 | 16.83 | 63 | 31.19 | ||||
Undecided | 34 | 16.83 | 19 | 9.41 | 15 | 7.43 | 18 | 8.91 | 16 | 7.92 | ||||
Disagree | 16 | 7.92 | 9 | 4.46 | 7 | 3.47 | 7 | 3.47 | 9 | 4.46 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 4 | 1.98 | 2 | 0.99 | 2 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.98 | ||||
Q 12 = Do you use mouthwash on a daily basis? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 30 | 14.85 | 22 | 10.89 | 8 | 3.96 | 0.111 | 7.51 | 9 | 4.46 | 21 | 10.40 | 0.318 | 4.71 |
Agree | 62 | 30.69 | 34 | 16.83 | 28 | 13.86 | 25 | 12.38 | 37 | 18.32 | ||||
Undecided | 46 | 22.77 | 22 | 10.89 | 24 | 11.88 | 16 | 7.92 | 30 | 14.85 | ||||
Disagree | 46 | 22.77 | 32 | 15.84 | 14 | 6.93 | 22 | 10.89 | 24 | 11.88 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 18 | 8.91 | 11 | 5.45 | 7 | 3.47 | 10 | 4.95 | 8 | 3.96 |
Question | Total | Gender | p | χ2 | Environment | p | χ2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Female | Male | Rural | Urban | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||||||
Q 13 = On a scale of 1 to 10. how important do you consider the use of protective masks is? | ||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.155 a, b | 11.91 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.332 a, b | 9.12 |
2 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
3 | 1 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
4 | 2 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.99 | ||||
5 | 8 | 3.96 | 6 | 2.97 | 2 | 0.99 | 6 | 2.97 | 2 | 0.99 | ||||
6 | 14 | 6.93 | 9 | 4.46 | 5 | 2.48 | 6 | 2.97 | 8 | 3.96 | ||||
7 | 22 | 10.89 | 10 | 4.95 | 12 | 5.94 | 9 | 4.46 | 13 | 6.44 | ||||
8 | 26 | 12.87 | 12 | 5.94 | 14 | 6.93 | 8 | 3.96 | 18 | 8.91 | ||||
9 | 37 | 18.32 | 22 | 10.89 | 15 | 7.43 | 17 | 8.42 | 20 | 9.90 | ||||
10 | 91 | 45.05 | 61 | 30.20 | 30 | 14.85 | 35 | 17.33 | 56 | 27.72 | ||||
Q 14 = When purchasing a mask, do you take into account its cost? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 33 | 16.34 | 19 | 9.41 | 14 | 6.93 | 0.735 a | 2.00 | 17 | 8.42 | 16 | 7.92 | 0.194 a | 6.06 |
Agree | 80 | 39.60 | 46 | 22.77 | 34 | 16.83 | 30 | 14.85 | 50 | 24.75 | ||||
Undecided | 58 | 28.71 | 39 | 19.31 | 19 | 9.41 | 26 | 12.87 | 32 | 15.84 | ||||
Disagree | 23 | 11.39 | 13 | 6.44 | 10 | 4.95 | 5 | 2.48 | 18 | 8.91 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 8 | 3.96 | 4 | 1.98 | 4 | 1.98 | 4 | 1.98 | 4 | 1.98 | ||||
Q 15 = When choosing a protective mask, do you take its filtering capacity into account? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 33 | 16.34 | 24 | 11.88 | 9 | 4.46 | 0.498 | 3.37 | 11 | 5.45 | 22 | 10.89 | 0.356 | 4.39 |
Agree | 70 | 34.65 | 39 | 19.31 | 31 | 15.35 | 31 | 15.35 | 39 | 19.31 | ||||
Undecided | 62 | 30.69 | 36 | 17.82 | 26 | 12.87 | 24 | 11.88 | 38 | 18.81 | ||||
Disagree | 27 | 13.37 | 17 | 8.42 | 10 | 4.95 | 14 | 6.93 | 13 | 6.44 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 10 | 4.95 | 5 | 2.48 | 5 | 2.48 | 2 | 0.99 | 8 | 3.96 | ||||
Q 16 = When choosing a mask, do you take its breathing capacity into account? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 50 | 24.75 | 39 | 19.31 | 11 | 5.45 | 0.031 a, * | 10.62 | 17 | 8.42 | 33 | 16.34 | 0.589 a | 2.82 |
Agree | 64 | 31.68 | 37 | 18.32 | 27 | 13.37 | 26 | 12.87 | 38 | 18.81 | ||||
Undecided | 55 | 27.23 | 28 | 13.86 | 27 | 13.37 | 25 | 12.38 | 30 | 14.85 | ||||
Disagree | 25 | 12.38 | 14 | 6.93 | 11 | 5.45 | 12 | 5.94 | 13 | 6.44 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 8 | 3.96 | 3 | 1.49 | 5 | 2.48 | 2 | 0.99 | 6 | 2.97 | ||||
Q 17 = How long do you think that a surgical mask offers you protection against the transmission of infection through the air? | ||||||||||||||
30 min | 27 | 13.37 | 16 | 7.92 | 11 | 5.45 | 0.060 | 10.59 | 14 | 6.93 | 13 | 6.44 | 0.190 | 7.44 |
1 h | 37 | 18.32 | 23 | 11.39 | 14 | 6.93 | 20 | 9.90 | 17 | 8.42 | ||||
2 h | 46 | 22.77 | 21 | 10.40 | 25 | 12.38 | 13 | 6.44 | 33 | 16.34 | ||||
3 h | 38 | 18.81 | 29 | 14.36 | 9 | 4.46 | 14 | 6.93 | 24 | 11.88 | ||||
4 h | 47 | 23.27 | 26 | 12.87 | 21 | 10.40 | 18 | 8.91 | 29 | 14.36 | ||||
All the time unless it is damaged | 7 | 3.47 | 6 | 2.97 | 1 | 0.50 | 3 | 1.49 | 4 | 1.98 | ||||
Q 18 = Do you think the removal of protective masks from crowded spaces is putting you at risk? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 43 | 21.29 | 23 | 11.39 | 20 | 9.90 | 0.135 a | 7.02 | 19 | 9.41 | 24 | 11.88 | 0.347 a | 4.46 |
Agree | 87 | 43.07 | 53 | 26.24 | 34 | 16.83 | 40 | 19.80 | 47 | 23.27 | ||||
Undecided | 48 | 23.76 | 33 | 16.34 | 15 | 7.43 | 15 | 7.43 | 33 | 16.34 | ||||
Disagree | 18 | 8.91 | 7 | 3.47 | 11 | 5.45 | 5 | 2.48 | 13 | 6.44 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 6 | 2.97 | 5 | 2.48 | 1 | 0.50 | 3 | 1.49 | 3 | 1.49 | ||||
Q 19 = Do you consider that people diagnosed with respiratory infections must wear a mask? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 71 | 35.15 | 44 | 21.78 | 27 | 13.37 | 0.693 a | 0.693 a | 27 | 13.37 | 44 | 21.78 | 0.714 a | 0.714 a |
Agree | 88 | 43.56 | 48 | 23.76 | 40 | 19.80 | 36 | 17.82 | 52 | 25.74 | ||||
Undecided | 27 | 13.37 | 18 | 8.91 | 9 | 4.46 | 10 | 4.95 | 17 | 8.42 | ||||
Disagree | 10 | 4.95 | 7 | 3.47 | 3 | 1.49 | 6 | 2.97 | 4 | 1.98 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 6 | 2.97 | 4 | 1.98 | 2 | 0.99 | 3 | 1.49 | 3 | 1.49 |
Question | Total | Gender | p | χ2 | Environment | p | χ2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Female | Male | Rural | Urban | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||||||
Q 20 = Would you vaccinate yourself against airborne viruses? | ||||||||||||||
Strongly Agree | 61 | 30.20 | 39 | 19.31 | 22 | 10.89 | 0.412 | 3.96 | 22 | 10.89 | 39 | 19.31 | 0.519 | 3.24 |
Agree | 50 | 24.75 | 27 | 13.37 | 23 | 11.39 | 22 | 10.89 | 28 | 13.86 | ||||
Undecided | 39 | 19.31 | 22 | 10.89 | 17 | 8.42 | 16 | 7.92 | 23 | 11.39 | ||||
Disagree | 34 | 16.83 | 19 | 9.41 | 15 | 7.43 | 17 | 8.42 | 17 | 8.42 | ||||
Strongly Disagree | 18 | 8.91 | 14 | 6.93 | 4 | 1.98 | 5 | 2.48 | 13 | 6.44 | ||||
Q 21 = Have you been vaccinated against Sars-CoV-2? | ||||||||||||||
No | 50 | 24.75 | 33 | 16.34 | 17 | 8.42 | 0.615 | 1.80 | 18 | 8.91 | 32 | 15.84 | 0.010 * | 11.29 |
Yes, the first dose | 31 | 15.35 | 20 | 9.90 | 11 | 5.45 | 21 | 10.40 | 10 | 4.95 | ||||
Yes, rappel at 6 months | 67 | 33.17 | 37 | 18.32 | 30 | 14.85 | 23 | 11.39 | 44 | 21.78 | ||||
Yes, the booster dose | 54 | 26.73 | 31 | 15.35 | 23 | 11.39 | 20 | 9.90 | 34 | 16.83 | ||||
Q 22 = Are you vaccinated against tuberculosis? | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 58 | 28.71 | 34 | 16.83 | 24 | 11.88 | 0.972 | 0.06 | 19 | 9.41 | 39 | 19.31 | 0.278 | 2.56 |
No | 71 | 35.15 | 43 | 21.29 | 28 | 13.86 | 29 | 14.36 | 42 | 20.79 | ||||
I do not know | 73 | 36.14 | 44 | 21.78 | 29 | 14.36 | 34 | 16.83 | 39 | 19.31 |
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Saveanu, C.I.; Zetu, I.N.; Scheuleac, A.; Saveanu, A.E.; Romanec, C.L. A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Survey on Air Infection Control among Romanian People. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12140. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912140
Saveanu CI, Zetu IN, Scheuleac A, Saveanu AE, Romanec CL. A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Survey on Air Infection Control among Romanian People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12140. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912140
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaveanu, Catalina Iulia, Irina Nicoleta Zetu, Alexandra Scheuleac, Alexandra Ecaterina Saveanu, and Cristian Liviu Romanec. 2022. "A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Survey on Air Infection Control among Romanian People" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12140. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912140