Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methods
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Obesity Degree
2.3.2. BMI (Body Mass Index)
2.3.3. Body Fat Percentage %
2.3.4. Eating Habits
2.3.5. Exercise Habits
2.3.6. Obesity Knowledge
2.3.7. Social Support
2.4. Research Process
Development and Application of the Child Obesity Management Program
3. Results
3.1. The General Characteristics and the Homogeneity of the Research Variables
3.2. Body Changes Related to Obesity
3.3. Eating Habits and Exercise Habits
3.4. Obesity Knowledge and Social Support
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sources | Title | Contents | Time |
---|---|---|---|
Intrapersonal | Healthy weight setting | Setting healthy weight using self-declaration | 1 time, 40 min. At the start of the program |
Diet education | Healthy Eating and Traffic Light Diet Education | 1 time, 40 min. | |
Exercise education | Weight training, aerobic exercise | 1 time, 40 min. | |
Self-evaluation sticker activity | Self-assessment sticker activity after exercise and diet | Once a day, During the program period | |
interpersonal | Parent education (Parents letters) | Child obesity prevention, diet and exercise education | 5 times |
Teacher education | Child obesity prevention, Explanation of this program’s progress | 1 time, 40 min. | |
Improving social support | All students of that grade participate in the program | During the program period | |
Organization | Health Stairs mural installation | School entrance, the walls of stairs and corridors | Throughout school life |
Exercise program | Walking on the playground after lunch | 9 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 min at a time | |
Provision of rainbow plates | A plate to check the proper amount of food | Every lunch at school | |
Change the location of food | Reordering food positions in the cafeteria to put fruits and vegetables first | Every lunch at school | |
Community | Development and Dissemination of Obesity Management Programs linked to Local Public health center | Provide public health center professionals (exercise specialist, nutritionists) | During the program period |
Characteristics | Categories | Exp. (n = 37) | Cont. (n = 45) | χ2 or t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or M ± SD | n (%) or M ± SD | ||||
Age | year | 10.77 ± 0.30 | 10.74 ± 0.27 | −0.43 | 0.667 |
Gender | Male | 24 (64.9) | 27 (60.0) | 0.20 | 0.651 |
Female | 13 (35.1) | 18 (40.0) | |||
Mother’s occupation status | have | 29 (78.4) | 28 (62.2) | 2.50 | 0.114 |
none | 8 (21.6) | 17 (37.8) | |||
Self-body image | moderation | 9 (24.3) | 11 (24.4) | 1.15 | 0.561 |
A bit obese | 17 (46.0) | 25 (55.6) | |||
A lot of obesity | 11 (29.7) | 9 (20.0) | |||
Obese people in the family | have | 17 (45.9) | 23 (51.1) | 0.21 | 0.641 |
none | 20 (54.1) | 22 (48.9) | |||
Attempts to lose weight | have | 31 (83.8) | 35 (77.8) | 0.50 | 0.582 |
none | 6 (16.2) | 10 (22.2) | |||
Obesity management education experience | have | 23 (62.2) | 33 (73.3) | 1.17 | 0.279 |
none | 14 (37.8) | 12 (26.7) | |||
Walking time to and from school | minute | 15.24 ± 11.38 | 11.89 ± 10.07 | −1.42 | 0.161 |
Variables | Exp. (n = 37) | Cont. (n = 45) | t or z(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | |||
Height (cm) | Pretest | 146.72 ± 6.91 | 146.43 ± 6.95 | |
Posttest | 148.67 ± 6.84 | 147.53 ± 7.13 | ||
Difference | 1.95 ± 0.77 | 1.10 ± 0.72 | −5.19(<0.001) | |
Weight (kg) | Pretest | 52.52 ± 11.54 | 51.90 ± 10.18 | |
Posttest | 52.96 ± 11.52 | 52.82 ± 10.80 | ||
Difference | 0.44 ± 1.31 | 0.92 ± 1.49 | −1.54 *(0.124) | |
Obesity degree (%) | Pretest | 27.43 ± 14.03 | 26.98 ± 12.77 | |
Posttest | 23.81 ± 15.04 | 26.40 ± 14.18 | ||
Difference | −3.62 ± 3.76 | −0.58 ± 3.91 | −3.28 *(0.001) | |
BMI | Pretest | 24.13 ± 3.28 | 23.99 ± 2.95 | |
Posttest | 23.71 ± 3.28 | 24.04 ± 3.19 | ||
Difference | −0.42 ± 0.56 | 0.05 ± 0.69 | −3.22 *(0.001) | |
Body fat percentage | Pretest | 36.79 ± 5.59 | 37.42 ± 5.76 | |
Posttest | 35.94 ± 5.84 | 36.60 ± 6.04 | ||
Difference | −0.85 ± 2.56 | −0.82 ± 1.90 | 0.08(0.940) |
Variables | Exp. (n = 37) | Cont. (n = 45) | t or z(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | |||
Eating habits | Pretest | 103.51 ± 17.10 | 107.71 ± 13.07 | |
Posttest | 107.70 ± 17.36 | 109.56 ± 12.75 | ||
Difference | 4.19 ± 10.69 | 1.85 ± 10.29 | −0.84 *(0.401) | |
Exercise habits | Pretest | 44.16 ± 4.81 | 42.78 ± 5.89 | |
Posttest | 46.16 ± 5.79 | 42.73 ± 6.32 | ||
Difference | 2.00 ± 4.47 | −0.05 ± 4.34 | −2.09(0.040) |
Variables | Exp. (n = 37) | Cont. (n = 45) | t or z(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | |||
Obesity knowledge | Pretest | 22.70 ± 2.72 | 21.69 ± 2.40 | |
Posttest | 24.46 ± 1.98 | 22.31 ± 2.16 | ||
Difference | 1.76 ± 3.04 | 0.62 ± 1.90 | −2.99 *(0.003) | |
Social support | Pretest | 45.19 ± 9.18 | 45.09 ± 8.33 | |
Posttest | 47.89 ± 7.46 | 46.91 ± 9.21 | ||
Difference | 2.70 ± 6.55 | 1.82 ± 9.53 | −0.15 *(0.881) |
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Park, Y.; Kim, J. Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12692. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912692
Park Y, Kim J. Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12692. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912692
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Yoonji, and Jihyun Kim. 2022. "Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12692. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912692