Social Support Mediates the Association between Health Anxiety and Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS)
2.2.2. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI)
2.2.3. Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS)
2.2.4. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
2.3. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n (%) | Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | Skewness | Kurtosis | Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 36.65 ± 12.55 | 34.0 (59.0) | 0.768 | −0.006 | p < 0.001 | |
Gender, males | 100 (18.6) | |||||
Education, higher | 422 (78.4) | |||||
CSS-PL total score | 60.90 ± 17.58 | 57.5 (99.0) | 0.817 | 0.643 | p = 0.191 | |
SHAI total score | 15.53 ± 8.80 | 14.0 (51.0) | 1.104 | 1.693 | p = 0.103 | |
MSPSS total score | 70.23 ± 15.75 | 76.0 (72.0) | −1.408 | 1.709 | p = 0.058 | |
QOLS total score | 79.67 ± 15.13 | 80.5 (91.0) | −0.660 | 0.991 | p = 0.088 |
General (n = 538) | Females (n = 438) | Males (n = 100) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | |
1.Age | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
2.SHAI | −0.048 | 1 | −0.061 | 1 | −0.072 | 1 | |||||||||
3.MSPSS | −0.015 | −0.333 ** | 1 | −0.029 | −0.331 ** | 1 | 0.156 | −0.190 | 1 | ||||||
4.CSS | 0.066 | 0.574 ** | −0.141 ** | 1 | 0.031 | 0.627 ** | −0.113 * | 1 | 0.010 | 0.662 ** | −0.024 | 1 | |||
5.QOLS | 0.161 ** | −0.439 ** | 0.501 ** | −0.199 ** | 1 | 0.154 ** | −0.453 ** | 0.523 ** | −0.170 ** | 1 | 0.254 * | −0.331 ** | 0.480 ** | −0.282 ** | 1 |
Higher Education (n = 422) | Other Education (n = 422) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | |
1.Age | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
2.SHAI | −0.053 | 1 | −0.041 | 1 | ||||||
3.MSPSS | 0.038 | −0.263 ** | 1 | −0.142 | −0.363 ** | 1 | ||||
4.CSS | 0.041 | 0.612 ** | −0.084 | 1 | 0.003 | 0.743 ** | −0.191 * | 1 | ||
5.QOLS | 0.163 ** | −0.382 ** | 0.465 ** | −0.153 ** | 1 | 0.128 | 0.560 ** | 0.542 ** | −0.415 ** | 1 |
β | SE | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LLCI | ULCI | |||
Direct effect of SHAI on CSS (a1) | 0.639 * | 0.034 | 0.573 | 0.705 |
Direct effect of SHAI on MSPSS (a2) | −0.298 * | 0.042 | −0.380 | −0.217 |
Direct effect of CSS on QoL (b1) | 0.056 | 0.045 | −0.032 | 0.144 |
Direct effect of MSPSS on QoL (b2) | 0.410 * | 0.036 | 0.338 | 0.481 |
Direct effect of SHAI on QoL (c) | −0.328 * | 0.047 | −0.421 | −0.236 |
Indirect effect (through CSS) of SHAI on QoL (a1b1) | 0.036 | 0.030 | −0.025 | 0.095 |
Indirect effect (through MSPSS) of SHAI on QoL (a2b2) | −0.122 * | 0.025 | −0.175 | −0.078 |
Total indirect effect of SHAI on QoL (a1b1 + a2b2) | 0.086 * | 0.041 | −0.167 | −0.009 |
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Ciułkowicz, M.; Misiak, B.; Szcześniak, D.; Grzebieluch, J.; Maciaszek, J.; Rymaszewska, J. Social Support Mediates the Association between Health Anxiety and Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12962. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912962
Ciułkowicz M, Misiak B, Szcześniak D, Grzebieluch J, Maciaszek J, Rymaszewska J. Social Support Mediates the Association between Health Anxiety and Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12962. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912962
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiułkowicz, Marta, Błażej Misiak, Dorota Szcześniak, Jolanta Grzebieluch, Julian Maciaszek, and Joanna Rymaszewska. 2022. "Social Support Mediates the Association between Health Anxiety and Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12962. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912962