Effect of Pre-Wetted Zeolite Sands on the Autogenous Shrinkage and Strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2. Test Methods
2.2.1. Water Absorption
2.2.2. Autogenous Shrinkage
2.2.3. Compressive Strength Test
2.2.4. X-Ray Diffraction
2.2.5. Isothermal Calorimetry
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Water Absorption
3.2. Autogenous Shrinkage
3.3. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4. Isothermal Calorimetry
3.5. Compressive Strength
3.6. Discussion
4. Conclusions
- Compared with natural zeolite sand, the water absorption of calcined zeolite sand is obviously increased. This is due to the initial physical bonding water present in the natural zeolite sand being evaporated during heating, resulting in more pores becoming empty.
- The autogenous shrinkage of self-curing UHPC is significantly reduced due to the addition of zeolite sands. Among the resulting outcomes, the effect of adding calcined zeolite sand to UHPC is the most obvious. This is because calcined zeolite sand can absorb more internal curing water before mixing. With the occurrence of the hydration reaction, internal curing water is released to continue to participate in the hydration reaction, thereby reducing autogenous shrinkage.
- For specimens with zeolite sand additions, XRD analysis showed that there were no new hydration-product peaks, indicating that zeolite sand particles do not participate in binder hydration. The peak of calcium hydroxide increased significantly with the addition of the zeolite sands. This is because the specimens containing zeolite sands contain more internal curing water. With the occurrence of the cement hydration reaction, the water in the reservoir is released to further promote cement hydration, and more hydration products are obtained.
- It could be observed that the total heat released from self-curing UHPC is higher than that from the control group, Z0. In the initial period, the heat release rate of self-curing UHPC increased because of the addition of zeolite sand. As the content of calcined zeolite sand increased, the heat release rate of the mortars accelerated. In the acceleration period, the time at which heat flow peaks of each hydration heat level appeared is in the order of NZ30 > CZ30 > NZ15 > CZ15 > Z0. During the deceleration period, it could be observed that the slope of the heat release rate cures of CZ15 is the same as that of CZ30 with respect to the hydration reaction. The slope of the heat release rate cures of NZ15 is the same as that of NZ30 with respect to the hydration reaction.
- At the age of 3 days, UHPC has a negative effect due to the addition of zeolite sands with pores, which reduces the compressive strength. However, at the age of 28 days, UHPC with calcined zeolite sand showed a good compressive strength, compared with the control group. This is due to the fact that calcined zeolite sand absorbs more internal curing water, and the internal curing water is released to participate in binder hydration and contributes to the development of compressive strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | ZnO | K2O | P2O5 | Loss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement (%) | 21.65 | 5.57 | 2.45 | 62.68 | 2.60 | 2.34 | 0.11 | 1.08 | 0.10 | 0.46 |
Silica fume (%) | 93.80 | 0.93 | 0.56 | 0.518 | 0.66 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 1.76 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
Zeolite sand (%) | 65.35 | 13.58 | 1.61 | 1.95 | 1.35 | 15.8 |
Number | Binder / % | Sand/ Binder | Water/ Binder | Zeolite Sand / Sand % | Superplasticizer/ Binder % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Silica Fume | |||||
Z0 | 85 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 3 |
NZ15 | 85 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 15 | 3 |
NZ30 | 85 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 30 | 3 |
CZ15 | 85 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 15 | 3 |
CZ30 | 85 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 30 | 3 |
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Zhang, G.-Z.; Wang, X.-Y. Effect of Pre-Wetted Zeolite Sands on the Autogenous Shrinkage and Strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. Materials 2020, 13, 2356. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13102356
Zhang G-Z, Wang X-Y. Effect of Pre-Wetted Zeolite Sands on the Autogenous Shrinkage and Strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. Materials. 2020; 13(10):2356. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13102356
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Guang-Zhu, and Xiao-Yong Wang. 2020. "Effect of Pre-Wetted Zeolite Sands on the Autogenous Shrinkage and Strength of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete" Materials 13, no. 10: 2356. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13102356