Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Resin Composite Overlays and Underlays Production
2.2. Experimental Group Specimen Production
2.3. Vickers Hardness Measurement
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Resin Composite | Resin Matrix | Filler | Content % (w/v) | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ENA | Enamel Plus HRI (UD3 shade) (Batch n. 2014001144) | BisGMA, UDMA, TEGMA | Glass filler, SiO2 | 75/53 | Micerium S.p.A. (Avegno, Genova, Italy) |
AUR | AURA SDI (MC3 shade) (Batch n. 130810) | BisGMA, UDMA, BisEMA | Ba–Al–B–Si glass, Ba glass | 78/63 | SDI Limited (Bayswater, Australia) |
LCU | LCU Type | Output (mW/cm2) | Tip Diameter (mm) | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demetron LC | QTH | 600 | 7.9 | Kerr Corporation, (Orange, CA, USA) |
Bluephase C8 | LED | 800 | 9.8 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG (Schaan, Liechtenstein) |
Starlight Uno | LED | 1500 | 8.0 | Mectron S.p.A. (Genova, Italy) |
ENA Group | |||||
Factor | Degrees of Freedom | Sum of Squares | Mean Squares | F | p |
Curing Time | 3 | 100,050.491 | 33,350.164 | 853.147 | <0.001 |
Overlay Thickness | 2 | 24,272.817 | 12,136.409 | 310.468 | <0.001 |
LCU | 2 | 8374.910 | 4187.455 | 107.121 | <0.001 |
Curing Time × Overlay Thickness | 6 | 1276.274 | 212.712 | 5.441 | <0.001 |
Curing Time × LCU | 6 | 1057.676 | 176.279 | 4.509 | <0.001 |
Overlay Thickness × LCU | 4 | 2026.656 | 506.664 | 12.961 | <0.001 |
Curing Time × Overlay Thickness × LCU | 12 | 1529.133 | 127.428 | 3.260 | <0.001 |
Residual | 288 | 11,258.136 | 39.091 | ||
Total | 323 | 149,846.094 | 463.920 | ||
AUR Group | |||||
Factor | Degrees of Freedom | Sum of Squares | Mean Squares | F | p |
Curing Time | 3 | 52,042.761 | 17,347.587 | 348.362 | <0.001 |
Overlay Thickness | 2 | 9791.130 | 4895.565 | 98.309 | <0.001 |
LCU | 2 | 6106.842 | 3053.421 | 61.317 | <0.001 |
Curing Time × Overlay Thickness | 6 | 1146.312 | 191.052 | 3.837 | 0.001 |
Curing Time × LCU | 6 | 1058.841 | 176.473 | 3.544 | 0.002 |
Overlay Thickness × LCU | 4 | 336.654 | 84.163 | 1.690 | 0.152 |
Curing Time × Overlay Thickness × LCU | 12 | 297.039 | 24.753 | 0.497 | 0.916 |
Residual | 288 | 14,341.690 | 49.798 | ||
Total | 323 | 85,121.267 | 263.533 |
ENA Group (Optimum Micro-Hardness (OM) Reference Value Recorded in the Control Group = 85.1 (4.6) MPa) | ||||||||||||
Curing Time with Halogen Unit (600 mW/cm2) | Curing Time with LED Unit (800 mW/cm2) | Curing Time with LED Unit (1500 mW/cm2) | ||||||||||
Overlay Thickness | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s |
3 mm | 19.7 d1 (2.8) | 36.8 c1 (7.6) | 58.2 b1 (5.0) | 69.4 a1 (6.7) | 30.4 d1 (5.8) | 37.3 c1 (11.0) | 64.4 b1 (8.9) | 79.4 a1 (8.7) | 43.6 d1 (4.8) | 56.5 c1 (6.1) | 71.0 b1 (2.8) | 82.3 a1 (4.0) |
4 mm | 13.1 d2 (2.2) | 24.5 c2 (5.5) | 44.9 b2 (7.4) | 55.2 a2 (2.4) | 14.9 d2 (3.8) | 37.2 c1 (8.8) | 56.2 b2 (7.2) | 72.4 a2 (3.0) | 19.3 d2 (5.1) | 30.2 c2 (7.0) | 49.3 b2 (7.2) | 71.0 a2 (4.0) |
5 mm | 8.1 d2 (4.8) | 21.7 c2 (6.4) | 27.4 b3 (7.3) | 47.2 a3 (8.6) | 13.5 d2 (5.5) | 29.4 c1 (7.2) | 45.6 b3 (5.3) | 61.9 a3 (7.4) | 18.2 d2 (8.3) | 25.5 c2 (3.4) | 37.9 b3 (4.4) | 61.3 a3 (5.9) |
AUR Group (Optimum Micro-Hardness (OM) Reference Value Recorded in the Control Group = 63.6 (2.3) MPa) | ||||||||||||
Curing Time with Halogen Unit (600 mW/cm2) | Curing Time with LED Unit (800 mW/cm2) | Curing Time with LED Unit (1500 mW/cm2) | ||||||||||
Overlay Thickness | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s | 10 s | 20 s | 40 s | 80 s |
3 mm | 26.2 d1 (4.2) | 39.7 c1 (5.7) | 48.2 b1 (4.3) | 58.1 a1 (3.0) | 26.7 d1 (22.0) | 41.3 c1 (3.2) | 51.1 b1 (4.6) | 59.1 a1 (5.3) | 43.5 d1 (4.0) | 51.0 c1 (3.6) | 59.4 b1 (4.2) | 62.6 a1 (3.2) |
4 mm | 16.8 d2 (21.3) | 29.2 c2 (5.5) | 43.4 b2 (4.5) | 51.6 a2 (8.9) | 19.2 d2 (4.8) | 34.8 c2 (10.0) | 47.2 b2 (4.9) | 57.0 a2 (2.6) | 27.3 d2 (2.8) | 39.6 c2 (2.4) | 49.8 b2 (4.1) | 57.3 a2 (4.1) |
5 mm | 8.2 d3 (4.8) | 20.4 c3 (6.6) | 34.1 b3 (5.7) | 50.8 a3 (3.6) | 10.7 d3 (2.1) | 24.0 c3 (3.4) | 43.6 b3 (4.8) | 52.1 a3 (7.0) | 22.3 d2 (5.0) | 35.8 c2 (9.4) | 49.1 b2 (4.3) | 54.5 a2 (2.2) |
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De Angelis, F.; Vadini, M.; Capogreco, M.; D’Arcangelo, C.; D’Amario, M. Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites. Materials 2021, 14, 6849. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226849
De Angelis F, Vadini M, Capogreco M, D’Arcangelo C, D’Amario M. Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites. Materials. 2021; 14(22):6849. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226849
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Angelis, Francesco, Mirco Vadini, Mario Capogreco, Camillo D’Arcangelo, and Maurizio D’Amario. 2021. "Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites" Materials 14, no. 22: 6849. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226849