Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Preparation of Composites
2.3. Research Methods
2.3.1. Preparation of Composite Samples
2.3.2. Accelerated Aging Test
2.3.3. Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties
2.3.4. Determination of Gloss
2.3.5. Bacterial Strains
2.3.6. Anti-Biofilm Activity of Tested Materials
2.3.7. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy—Biofilm Visualization
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | UPR (wt%) | WF (wt%) | AgNPs aq. sol. (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 100.0 | - | - |
2 | 99.0 | 1.0 | - |
3 | 98.0 | 2.0 | - |
4 | 95.0 | 5.0 | - |
5 | 99.8 | - | 0.2 |
6 | 99.5 | - | 0.5 |
7 | 99.0 | - | 1.0 |
8 | 94.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 |
Sample | Flexural Strength, σf (MPa) | Barcol Hardness, HBa (°B) | Mechanical Loss Factor, Tan δmax | Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM (°C) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
before | after | before | after | before | after | before | after | |
1 | 108.19 ± 3.77 | 69.26 ± 4.35 | 36.0 ± 1.0 | 56.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4579 | 0.4839 | 46.1 | 39.7 |
2 | 81.96 ± 2.71 | 50.03 ± 3.33 | 39.5 ± 0.5 | 55.7 ± 0.7 | 0.4419 | 0.4510 | 45.9 | 39.6 |
3 | 76.83 ± 2.65 | 40.95 ± 4.27 | 40.3 ± 0.5 | 54.1 ± 0.6 | 0.4368 | 0.4397 | 43.4 | 40.0 |
4 | 74.61 ± 1.48 | 39.43 ± 4.39 | 45.2 ± 0.7 | 51.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4227 | 0.4131 | 42.4 | 38.5 |
5 | 119.05 ± 2.65 | 72.31 ± 4.82 | 48.8 ± 0.8 | 57.0 ± 1.0 | 0.4543 | 0.4575 | 40.6 | 41.9 |
6 | 121.81 ± 1.97 | 70.71 ± 4.45 | 49.2 ± 0.2 | 57.5 ± 0.5 | 0.4513 | 0.4427 | 42.0 | 41.2 |
7 | 128.74 ± 1.27 | 70.03 ± 3.69 | 53.3 ± 0.3 | 58.8 ± 0.8 | 0.4479 | 0.4408 | 42.7 | 41.1 |
8 | 76.69 ± 1.90 | 51.95 ± 3.51 | 55.0 ± 1.0 | 60.6 ± 0.6 | 0.3383 | 0.3328 | 47.6 | 46.2 |
Sample | Glass-Transition Temperature, Tg (°C) | Storage Modulus, E′ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From tan δ | From Loss Modulus Curve, E″ | Glassy, E′(20 °C) (GPa) | Rubbery, E′(180 °C) (MPa) | |||||
before | after | before | after | before | after | before | after | |
1 | 127 | 132 | 100 | 107 | 2.91 | 2.81 | 24.06 | 25.24 |
2 | 126 | 131 | 101 | 108 | 3.17 | 2.78 | 31.45 | 23.78 |
3 | 126 | 131 | 103 | 108 | 2.94 | 2.81 | 34.68 | 28.50 |
4 | 126 | 130 | 105 | 110 | 2.86 | 2.90 | 49.08 | 40.04 |
5 | 128 | 131 | 106 | 108 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 27.13 | 22.05 |
6 | 129 | 131 | 108 | 110 | 2.78 | 2.83 | 27.53 | 23.33 |
7 | 130 | 132 | 109 | 111 | 2.75 | 2.86 | 27.75 | 25.75 |
8 | 126 | 129 | 104 | 107 | 2.77 | 2.83 | 46.11 | 41.20 |
Sample | Gloss (GU) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20° | 60° | 85° | 20° | 60° | 85° | |
before Aging | after Aging | |||||
1 | 101.3 | 112.4 | 100.4 | 30.6 | 50.2 | 81.1 |
2 | 96.8 | 110.4 | 98.5 | 63.3 | 92.2 | 96.0 |
3 | 96.4 | 101.8 | 99.2 | 57.5 | 84.0 | 90.3 |
4 | 76.8 | 95.3 | 96.1 | 55.3 | 81.0 | 87.6 |
5 | 113.3 | 121.8 | 99.9 | 85.9 | 97.3 | 98.1 |
6 | 128.3 | 133.9 | 102.9 | 83.9 | 96.8 | 98.1 |
7 | 107.1 | 121.1 | 102.0 | 83.4 | 91.6 | 94.6 |
8 | 94.7 | 100.4 | 100.3 | 73.5 | 90.2 | 95.5 |
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Pączkowski, P.; Puszka, A.; Miazga-Karska, M.; Ginalska, G.; Gawdzik, B. Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles. Materials 2021, 14, 1122. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051122
Pączkowski P, Puszka A, Miazga-Karska M, Ginalska G, Gawdzik B. Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles. Materials. 2021; 14(5):1122. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051122
Chicago/Turabian StylePączkowski, Przemysław, Andrzej Puszka, Malgorzata Miazga-Karska, Grażyna Ginalska, and Barbara Gawdzik. 2021. "Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles" Materials 14, no. 5: 1122. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051122