A Study on the Removal of Impurity Elements Silicon and Zinc from Rubidium Chloride by Vacuum Distillation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.3. Characterization and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Theoretical Analyses
3.1.1. Saturated Vapour Pressure
3.1.2. Thermodynamic Calculations
3.1.3. AIMD Simulation Results of Decomposition of Double Salt Rb2SiCl6
3.2. Effect of Distillation Temperature on the Effect of Removing Impurities
3.3. Effect of Distillation Temperature on the Effect of Removing Impurities
4. Conclusions
- The thermodynamic calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics results of this study show that the removal of impurity elements silicon and zinc in rubidium chloride is feasible. At a low temperature, the decomposition of the double salt Rb2SiCl6 is carried out step by step, first decomposed into one RbCl, and then with the increase in time, Rb2SiCl6 completely decomposed into two RbCl and one SiCl4. At higher temperatures, Rb2SiCl6 directly decomposed into two RbCl and one SiCl4, and increasing the temperature is more conducive to the decomposition of Rb2SiCl6.
- Under the pressure range of 5–10 Pa and the temperature range of 723~823 K, ZnCl2 is volatilized and removed in the form of gas phase, and silicon in the form of the double salt Rb2SiCl6 will decompose into SiCl4 and RbCl; SiCl4 is volatilized and removed in the form of gas phase, and RbCl can exist statically in the residue. At temperatures as high as 848 k, rubidium chloride will be volatile.
- The results of different experimental conditions show that the optimal process parameters for removing impurity elements silicon and zinc in rubidium chloride under the pressure range of 5–10 Pa are as follows: a distillation temperature of 823 K and a distillation time of 60 min. Under such conditions, rubidium chloride will not lose. Through one-step vacuum distillation, the contents of the impurity elements silicon and zinc in rubidium chloride decreased from 1206 mg/kg and 310 mg/kg to less than 0.1 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, with removal rates of 99.99% and 99.97%. Therefore, the content of the impurity elements silicon and zinc in rubidium chloride is effectively reduced by this process, which lays a foundation for further purification of rubidium chloride by vacuum distillation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Reaction Equation | Theoretical Reaction Temperature/K | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
105 Pa | 100 Pa | 50 Pa | 10 Pa | 5 Pa | ||
1 | RbCl(s) = RbCl(g) | 1636 K | 1025 K | 1007 K | 924 K | 906 K |
2 | 2RbCl(s) = 2Rb(g) + Cl2(g) | — | — | — | 1821 K | 1791 K |
3 | 2RbCl(g) = 2Rb(g) + Cl2(g) | — | — | — | 1900 K | 1819 K |
No. | Reaction Equation | Theoretical Reaction Temperature/K | |
---|---|---|---|
105 Pa | 5 Pa | ||
1 | ZnCl2(s) = Zn(g) + Cl2(g) | — | 1298 K |
2 | 2ZnCl2(s) = 2ZnCl(g) + Cl2(g) | — | 1280 K |
3 | 2SiCl4(l) = 2SiCl3(g) + Cl2(g) | — | 1233 K |
4 | SiCl4(l) = SiCl2(g) + Cl2(g) | — | 1049 K |
5 | SiCl4(l) = SiCl(g) + 1.5Cl2(g) | — | 1623 K |
6 | SiCl4(l) = Si(g) + 2Cl2(g) | — | 1949 K |
Bond | Rb2SiCl6 System (0 ps) | Rb2SiCl6 System (723K, 5.222 ps) | Rb2SiCl6 System (823K, 5.238 ps) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bond Length/Å | Population | Bond Length/Å | Population | Bond Length/Å | Population | |
Cl2-Rb1 | 2.11052 | 0.14 | — | — | — | — |
Cl3-Rb1 | 2.82006 | 0.15 | 2.88196 | 0.11 | ||
Cl4-Rb1 | 2.12621 | 0.2 | — | — | — | — |
Cl1-Rb2 | 2.96456 | 0.04 | 3.13225 | 0.02 | ||
Si1-Cl2 | 2.0938 | 0.5 | 2.06541 | 0.58 | 2.08553 | 0.53 |
Si1-Cl4 | 2.24446 | 0.4 | 2.0386 | 0.6 | 2.16396 | 0.55 |
Si1-Cl5 | 2.09975 | 0.53 | 1.9909 | 0.6 | 2.01125 | 0.56 |
Si1-Cl6 | 2.12136 | 0.49 | 1.97522 | 0.61 | 2.10425 | 0.51 |
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Cui, X.; Zhang, W.; Ji, R.; Yang, M.; Wang, S.; Qu, T. A Study on the Removal of Impurity Elements Silicon and Zinc from Rubidium Chloride by Vacuum Distillation. Materials 2024, 17, 1960. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17091960
Cui X, Zhang W, Ji R, Yang M, Wang S, Qu T. A Study on the Removal of Impurity Elements Silicon and Zinc from Rubidium Chloride by Vacuum Distillation. Materials. 2024; 17(9):1960. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17091960
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Xi, Wenzheng Zhang, Rui Ji, Mingliang Yang, Shichao Wang, and Tao Qu. 2024. "A Study on the Removal of Impurity Elements Silicon and Zinc from Rubidium Chloride by Vacuum Distillation" Materials 17, no. 9: 1960. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17091960