Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation for 12 Days in Obese Male Mice Restores Sperm Oxidative Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Diet, and Micronutrient Supplementation
2.2. Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Testing
2.3. Body Composition and Serum Metabolites and Hormones
2.4. Collection of Mouse Sperm
2.5. Sperm Motility and Morphology
2.6. Sperm Capacitation
2.7. Sperm Binding to the Zona Pellucida of MII Oocyte and Fertilisation Rates
2.8. Sperm Intracellular ROS Concentrations (DCFDA)
2.9. Sperm Mitochondrial ROS Concentrations (Superoxide-MitoSOX Red)
2.10. Sperm Oxidative DNA Damage (8OHdG)
2.11. Oxidative DNA Damage (8OhdG) in the Pronuclear Embryo
2.12. Pregnancy
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Short-Term Micronutrient Supplementation Has No Effect on Body Composition or Serum Metabolites Outside of the Original Diets
3.1.1. Pre-Intervention
3.1.2. Post-Intervention
3.2. Short-Term Micronutrient Supplementation Improves Aspects of Sperm Function in CD-Fed Mice
3.3. Short-Term Micronutrient Supplementation Reduces Intracellular Sperm ROS Concentrations and Oxidative DNA Damage in Males Fed a HFD
3.4. Short-Term Micronutrient Supplementation Reduces Oxidative DNA Damage in the Early Pronuclear Embryo and Increases 2-Cell Cleavage Rates from Males Fed a HFD
3.5. Short-Term Micronutrient Supplementation in Fathers Fed a HFD Partially Restored Fetal Weights Similar to Fathers Fed a CD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diet | CD | CD + S | HFD | HFD + S | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main Ingredients | |||||
Total fat (%) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | |
Sucrose (%) | 34.1 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 34.1 | |
Wheat starch (%) | 30.5 | 30.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | |
Vitamins and Minerals (micronutrients) | |||||
Zinc (zinc sulphate monohydrate) | 52 mg/kg | 61 mg/kg | 52 mg/kg | 61 mg/kg | |
Selenium | 0.3 mg/kg | 0.44 mg/kg | 0.3 mg/kg | 0.44 mg/kg | |
Lycopene | - | 0.3 mg/kg | - | 0.3 mg/kg | |
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) | 64 mg/kg | 78 mg/kg | 64 mg/kg | 78 mg/kg | |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | - | 700 mg/kg | - | 700 mg/kg | |
Folic acid | 1 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | 1 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | |
Green tea extract | - | 0.95 mg/kg | - | 0.95 mg/kg |
CD (n = 12) | CD + S (n = 12) | HFD (n = 12) | HFD + S (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total body weight (g) | 26.2 ± 0.6 a | 25.2 ± 0.5 a | 29.2 ± 0.5 b | 30.4 ± 0.8 b |
Adipose tissue (% of total body weight | ||||
Peri-renal fat | 0.21 ± 0.02 a | 0.20 ± 0.0 2 a | 0.32 ± 0.02 b | 0.37 ± 0.06 b |
Retroperitoneal fat | 0.47 ± 0.03 a | 0.45 ± 0.03 a | 0.87 ± 0.06 b | 0.84 ± 0.08 b |
Omental fat | 0.97 ± 0.07 a | 0.95 ± 0.06 a | 1.36 ± 0.08 b | 1.46 ± 0.05 b |
Dorsal fat | 0.62 ± 0.03 a | 0.67 ± 0.04 a | 0.82 ± 0.04 b | 0.90 ± 0.04 b |
Gonadal fat | 2.40 ± 0.12 a | 2.21 ± 0.13 a | 4.04 ± 0.19 b | 4.28 ± 0.19 b |
Sum of adipose tissues | 4.66 ± 0.18 a | 4.49 ± 0.23 a | 7.41 ± 0.23 b | 7.86 ± 0.30 b |
Organs (g) | ||||
Left testis | 0.082 ± 0.005 | 0.085 ± 0.003 | 0.085 ± 0.006 | 0.085 ± 0.001 |
Right testis | 0.082 ± 0.002 | 0.088 ± 0.001 | 0.150 ± 0.062 | 0.148 ± 0.063 |
Seminal vesicles | 0.286 ± 0.013 a | 0.272 ± 0.010 a | 0.291 ± 0.006 a | 0.339 ± 0.009 b |
Liver | 1.20 ± 0.05 ab | 1.11 ± 0.04 a | 1.19 ± 0.03 ab | 1.30 ± 0.07 b |
Pancreas | 0.136 ± 0.008 | 0.135 ± 0.009 | 0.140 ± 0.008 | 0.149 ± 0.004 |
Left kidney | 0.198 ± 0.008 | 0.183 ± 0.008 | 0.194 ± 0.005 | 0.189 ± 0.006 |
Right kidney | 0.203 ± 0.011 | 0.190 ± 0.007 | 0.199 ± 0.006 | 0.207 ± 0.008 |
Metabolites and hormones | ||||
Glucose (mmol/L−1) | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 10.7 ± 0.8 | 10.8 ± 0.7 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L−1) | 3.1 ± 0.2 a | 3.0 ± 0.2 a | 4.2 ± 0.2 b | 4.3 ± 0.2 b |
HDL (mmol/L−1) | 2.7 ± 0.2 a | 2.8 ± 0.1 a | 3.7 ± 0.02 b | 3.8 ± 0.3 b |
Triglycerides (mmol/L−1) | 0.46 ± 0.04 a | 0.45 ± 0.03 a | 0.60 ± 0.05 b | 0.62 ± 0.06 b |
NEFA (mmol/L−1) | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.04 |
Testosterone (nmol/L−1) | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
CD (n = 12) | CD + S (n = 12) | HFD (n = 12) | HFD + S (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sperm motility | ||||
Progressive (%) | 22.1 ± 2.9 | 16.0 ± 1.8 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 20.4 ± 2.9 |
Non progressive (%) | 42.3 ± 3.9 | 43.8 ± 3.2 | 36.8 ± 2.9 | 35.9 ± 3.5 |
Immotile (%) | 35.5 ± 2.6 | 40.2 ± 4.3 | 39.1 ± 3.2 | 43.5 ± 3.2 |
Total motile (%) | 64.5 ± 2.6 | 59.8 ± 4.3 | 60.9 ± 3.2 | 56.3 ± 3.2 |
Sperm morphology | ||||
Normal (%) | 53.5 ± 1.1 a | 58.5 ± 1.2 b | 45.1 ± 3.0 c | 47.6 ± 2.6 ac |
Head defect (%) | 22.1 ± 1.1 | 21.6 ± 1.6 | 22.5 ± 2.2 | 20.7 ± 2.9 |
Tail and mid piece defect (%) | 24.3 ± 0.6 a | 18.7 ± 1.3 b | 33.6 ± 1.4 c | 31.7 ± 1.0 c |
Sperm Capacitation | ||||
Capacitated sperm (%) | 90.6 ± 1.0 a | 89.5 ± 1.1 ab | 87.3 ± 0.9 b | 86.9 ± 0.6 b |
Non-capacitated sperm (%) | 4.2 ± 0.6 a | 5.6 ± 0.6 ab | 5.3 ± 0.5 ab | 6.1 ± 0.4 b |
Acrosome reacted (%) | 4.7 ± 0.4 a | 4.9 ± 0.6 a | 7.5 ± 0.6 b | 7.1 ± 0.6 b |
Sperm binding to the zona pellucida of MII oocyte | ||||
Mean of sperm | 20.4 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 22.1 ± 3.1 | 22.7 ± 3.1 |
CD | CD + S | HFD | HFD + S | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Litter size | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.5 |
Fetal weight (mg) | 738.7 ± 23.4 a | 792.3 ± 22.9 ab | 805.4 ± 18.3 b | 783.5 ± 19.5 ab |
Crown rump length (mm) | 17.4 ± 0.5 | 18.3 ± 0.6 | 18.6 ± 0.4 | 18.8 ± 0.5 |
Placenta weight (mg) | 106.8 ± 4.1 a | 88.2 ± 4.1 b | 91.5 ± 3.2 b | 85.4 ± 3.4 b |
Fetal:placenta weight ratio | 7.3 ± 0.4 a | 9.0 ± 0.4 b | 8.9 ± 0.3 b | 9.1 ± 0.3 b |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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McPherson, N.O.; Shehadeh, H.; Fullston, T.; Zander-Fox, D.L.; Lane, M. Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation for 12 Days in Obese Male Mice Restores Sperm Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2196. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11092196
McPherson NO, Shehadeh H, Fullston T, Zander-Fox DL, Lane M. Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation for 12 Days in Obese Male Mice Restores Sperm Oxidative Stress. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):2196. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11092196
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcPherson, Nicole O., Helana Shehadeh, Tod Fullston, Deirdre L. Zander-Fox, and Michelle Lane. 2019. "Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation for 12 Days in Obese Male Mice Restores Sperm Oxidative Stress" Nutrients 11, no. 9: 2196. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu11092196