Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of a Multi-Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
3. Finite Element Analysis of Multiresonant Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
3.1. FEA Mathematical Modeling
3.2. Parametric Study of Cantilever Beam
3.2.1. Effect of the Length of the Cantilevers
3.2.2. Effect of the Acceleration on the Harvesting Device
3.3. Modal and Harmonic Analysis of Multiresonant Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
3.3.1. Modal Analysis
3.3.2. Harmonic Analysis
4. Experimental Validation
4.1. Response at Resonance
4.2. Output Power at the Resonance Frequency
4.3. Comparison of Experimental Results with Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Substrate (Cantilever Beam) | Piezoelectric |
---|---|---|
Material | Nitinol 45:55 (Ni:Ti) | Lithium Niobate (128° Y-cut) |
Elastic modulus (GPa) | 75–83 | 170 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.33 | 0.23 |
Density (kg/m3) | 6450 | 4628 |
Piezoelectric constant (pC/N) | - | 6–70 |
Capacitance (nF) | - | 1.42 |
Thickness (mm) | 0.10 | 0.35 |
Geometry | Cantilevers with Changed Length (mm) | Cantilevers with the Same Length (mm) | NF1 | NF2 | NF3 | NF4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 21.5 (L1) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 51 | 61 | 101 | 221 |
2. | 21 (L2) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 61 | 71 | 151 | 251 |
3. | 24 (L3) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 21 | 31 | 61 | 101 |
4. | 23 (L4) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 31 | 41 | 71 | 110 |
5. | 22.5 (L5) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 41 | 51 | 81 | 121 |
6. | 20.5 (L6) | 22 (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) | 71 | 91 | 191 | 281 |
Description | Dimension (L × W × H) | Design Value (Units) |
---|---|---|
Outer circular ring | 55 (dia) | mm |
Inner circular ring | 50 (dia) | mm |
First cantilever | 21.5 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Second cantilever | 21 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Third cantilever | 24 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Fourth cantilever | 23 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Fifth cantilever | 22.5 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Sixth cantilever | 20.5 × 4 × 0.45 | mm3 |
Frequency | Hz |
---|---|
NF1 | 101 |
NF2 | 151 |
NF3 | 61 |
NF4 | 71 |
NF5 | 121 |
NF6 | 191 |
Cantilevers No. | FEA Resonance Frequency (Hz) | Experimental Resonance Frequency (Hz) | Error Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Cantilever 1 | 101 | 75 | 26 |
Cantilever 2 | 151 | 62 | 89 |
Cantilever 3 | 61 | 85 | 24 |
Cantilever 4 | 71 | 61 | 10 |
Cantilever 5 | 121 | 80 | 40 |
Cantilever 6 | 191 | 194 | 3 |
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Kumari, N.; Rakotondrabe, M. Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations. Micromachines 2021, 12, 1537. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12121537
Kumari N, Rakotondrabe M. Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations. Micromachines. 2021; 12(12):1537. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12121537
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumari, Neetu, and Micky Rakotondrabe. 2021. "Design and Development of a Lead-Freepiezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wideband, Low Frequency, and Low Amplitude Vibrations" Micromachines 12, no. 12: 1537. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12121537