Antioxidants

14 pages, 1119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Interleukin (IL)-33 Inhibitory Constituents from Canavalia gladiata Pods

by Le Ba Vinh, Seung Hyuck Shin, Yoo Kyong Han, Young Jun Kim, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Soohwan Oh and Ki Yong Lee

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 767; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070767 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a vital role in immune system regulation and inflammation, with oxidative stress being implicated in its expression. During the search for compounds from natural sources with potential as therapeutic agents for allergic diseases [...] Read more.

Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a vital role in immune system regulation and inflammation, with oxidative stress being implicated in its expression. During the search for compounds from natural sources with potential as therapeutic agents for allergic diseases via IL-33 signal modulation, we discovered significant IL-33 inhibitory activity in the methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) pods. Through chromatographic separation and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we isolated 11 compounds (1–11) from the methanol extract. Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effects of these substances on IL-33/ST2 signaling in processes related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among them, compounds 7, 10, and 11 exhibited substantial IL-33 inhibitory efficacy, with values reaching 78%, 86%, and 79% at 100 µM, respectively. Remarkably, compounds 7, 10, and 11 demonstrated significant and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-33 signaling at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 µM. Computational molecular docking and dynamic simulations further elucidated the underlying mechanisms. These findings have promising pharmacological implications for allergy prevention and treatment associated with flavonoid glycosides derived from C. gladiata. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties and Applications of Food By-Products)

20 pages, 1051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dramatic Suppression of Lipogenesis and No Increase in Beta-Oxidation Gene Expression Are among the Key Effects of Bergamot Flavonoids in Fatty Liver Disease

by Maddalena Parafati, Daniele La Russa, Antonella Lascala, Francesco Crupi, Concetta Riillo, Bartosz Fotschki, Vincenzo Mollace and Elzbieta Janda

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070766 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

Bergamot flavonoids have been shown to prevent metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and stimulate autophagy in animal models and patients. To investigate further the mechanism of polyphenol-dependent effects, we performed a RT2-PCR array analysis on 168 metabolism, transport and autophagy-related genes [...] Read more.

Bergamot flavonoids have been shown to prevent metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and stimulate autophagy in animal models and patients. To investigate further the mechanism of polyphenol-dependent effects, we performed a RT2-PCR array analysis on 168 metabolism, transport and autophagy-related genes expressed in rat livers exposed for 14 weeks to different diets: standard, cafeteria (CAF) and CAF diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF). CAF diet caused a strong upregulation of gluconeogenesis pathway (Gck, Pck2) and a moderate (>1.7 fold) induction of genes regulating lipogenesis (Srebf1, Pparg, Xbp1), lipid and cholesterol transport or lipolysis (Fabp3, Apoa1, Lpl) and inflammation (Il6, Il10, Tnf). However, only one β-oxidation gene (Cpt1a) and a few autophagy genes were differentially expressed in CAF rats compared to controls. While most of these transcripts were significantly modulated by BPF, we observed a particularly potent effect on lipogenesis genes, like Acly, Acaca and Fasn, which were suppressed far below the mRNA levels of control livers as confirmed by alternative primers-based RT2-PCR analysis and western blotting. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Tnfa, and Il10) and diabetes-related genes. Few autophagy (Map1Lc3a, Dapk) and no β-oxidation gene expression changes were observed compared to CAF group. In conclusion, chronic BPF supplementation efficiently prevents NAFLD by modulating hepatic energy metabolism and inflammation gene expression programs, with no effect on β-oxidation, but profound suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)

15 pages, 1989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyphenolic Profiling and Antioxidant Activity in Berry Extracts of Pyracantha Wild Varieties from the Mediterranean Region

by Roberta Del Sole, Maria Assunta Montefusco, Raffaella Filippini and Lucia Mergola

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 765; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070765 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Pyracantha is a genus of wild perennial shrubs native in an area extending from Southwest Europe to Southeast Asia, and it is used in traditional medicine for the diuretic, cardiac, and tonic properties of its fruits, which can also be cooked to make [...] Read more.

Pyracantha is a genus of wild perennial shrubs native in an area extending from Southwest Europe to Southeast Asia, and it is used in traditional medicine for the diuretic, cardiac, and tonic properties of its fruits, which can also be cooked to make jellies, jams, and sauces. This work aims to study and compare the antioxidant activity and the phenolic and anthocyanin composition of three varieties of Pyracantha coccinea: Red Column (PCR), Orange Glow (PCO), and Soleil d’Or (PCS), and one of Pyracantha angustifolia: Orange glow (PAO), collected from the spontaneous flora of the Mediterranean region (Southern Italy). Two different extraction processes were tested using methanol and an aqueous methanol solution (80% MeOH) to evaluate the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of freeze-dried berries. The highest total phenolic content was found in PCR and PAO berries (174.21 ± 0.149 and 168.01 ± 0.691 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry matter, respectively) extracted with an aqueous methanol solution (80% MeOH). Polyphenolic extracts analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS confirmed the presence of rutin, quercetin hexose, neoeriocitrin, procyanidin B, and resveratrol. Moreover, the total antioxidant activity of the berries’ extracts was measured by comparing two different spectrophotometric methods (ABTS and DPPH), showing that the varieties with the highest total phenolic content, PCR and PAO, also had the highest scavenging activity. Finally, a suitable extraction process was chosen for the evaluation of the anthocyanins’ composition of all frozen berries, and in all MS spectra of Pyracantha varieties, two ionic species at 449 m/z attributable to two cyanidin derivatives were found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants—3rd Edition)

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16 pages, 3150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum Enhance Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Cats through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota

by Weiwei Wang, Hao Dong, Xiaohan Chang, Qianqian Chen, Longjiao Wang, Shuxing Chen, Lishui Chen, Ran Wang, Shaoyang Ge, Pengjie Wang, Yixuan Li, Siyuan Liu and Wei Xiong

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 764; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070764 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. [...] Read more.

Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. This research investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on cats’ GI health, exploring the effects of probiotic supplementation on the intestinal ecosystem using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in gut barrier function by reducing plasma concentrations of D-lactate (D-LA) by 30.38% and diamine oxidase (DAO) by 22.68%, while increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. There was a notable 25% increase in immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, evidenced by increases of 19.13% in catalase (CAT), 23.94% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 21.81% in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further analysis revealed positive correlations between Lactobacillus abundance and IgA, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels. These correlations indicate that B. lactis and L. plantarum enhance feline immune and antioxidant functions by increasing the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the GI tract. These findings provide a foundation for probiotic interventions aimed at enhancing health and disease resistance in feline populations. Full article

20 pages, 2821 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Stress Resistance Properties of Flavonoids from Chinese Sea Buckthorn Leaves from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

by Jinmei Zhao, Yumei Jiang, Yang Bi and Juan Wei

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 763; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070763 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2024

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Abstract

The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our [...] Read more.

The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our analysis identified a total of 57 flavonoids, mainly flavonol glycosides, from FCL, of which 6 were novel flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were the three most dominant classes of compounds in FCL. In particular, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside emerged as the most abundant compound. Our results showed that FCL possesses potent antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals and demonstrate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels comparable to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant standard. Furthermore, FCL showed remarkable efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism. Mechanistically, we elucidated that FCL exerts its stress resistance effects by modulating of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway (IIS). Activation of these transcription factors orchestrates the expression of downstream target genes including sod-3, ctl-1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6, thus enhancing the organism’s ability to cope with stressors. Overall, our study highlights the rich reservoir of flavonoids in Chinese sea buckthorn leaves as promising candidates for natural medicines, due to their robust antioxidant properties and ability to enhance stress resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Bioactive Compounds Exerting Health Promoting Effects through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress)

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48 pages, 2468 KiB

Open AccessReview

Neuroprotective Effects of Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties

by Marta Gonçalves, Nuno Vale and Paula Silva

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 762; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070762 - 24 Jun 2024

Viewed by 292

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition [...] Read more.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of olive oil, including key antioxidants, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and oleocanthal, is systematically examined. The mechanisms by which these compounds provide neuroprotection, including counteracting oxidative damage and modulating neuroprotective pathways, are explored. The neuroprotective efficacy of olive oil is evaluated by synthesizing findings from various sources, including in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials. The integration of olive oil into dietary patterns, particularly its role in the Mediterranean diet, and its broader implications in neurodegenerative disease prevention are also discussed. The challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications are acknowledged and future research directions are proposed to better understand the potential of olive oil in mitigating the risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights olive oil not only as a dietary component, but also as a promising candidate in preventive neurology, advocating for further investigation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Strategies for the Use of Antioxidants in Neuroprotection and Neurorecovery)

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20 pages, 1872 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Compounds and Combinations Thereof against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss in a Rat Model

by Liliana Carles, Alejandro Gibaja, Verena Scheper, Juan C. Alvarado, Carlos Almodovar, Thomas Lenarz and José M. Juiz

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 761; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070761 - 24 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Cisplatin is an election chemotherapeutic agent used for many cancer treatments. Its cytotoxicity against neoplastic cells is mirrored by that taking place in healthy cells and tissues, resulting in serious adverse events. A very frequent one is ototoxicity, causing hearing loss which may [...] Read more.

Cisplatin is an election chemotherapeutic agent used for many cancer treatments. Its cytotoxicity against neoplastic cells is mirrored by that taking place in healthy cells and tissues, resulting in serious adverse events. A very frequent one is ototoxicity, causing hearing loss which may permanently affect quality of life after successful oncologic treatments. Exacerbated oxidative stress is a main cytotoxic mechanism of cisplatin, including ototoxicity. Previous reports have shown antioxidant protection against cisplatin ototoxicity, but there is a lack of comparative studies on the otoprotectant activity and mechanism of antioxidant formulations. Here, we show evidence that a cocktail of vitamins A, C, and E along with Mg⁺⁺ (ACEMg), previously shown to protect against noise-induced hearing loss, reverses auditory threshold shifts, promotes outer hair cell survival, and attenuates oxidative stress in the cochlea after cisplatin treatment, thus protecting against extreme cisplatin ototoxicity in rats. The addition of 500 mg N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which, administered individually, also shows significant attenuation of cisplatin ototoxicity, to the ACEMg formulation results in functional degradation of ACEMg otoprotection. Mg⁺⁺ administered alone, as MgSO₄, also prevents cisplatin ototoxicity, but in combination with 500 mg NAC, otoprotection is also greatly degraded. Increasing the dose of NAC to 1000 mg also results in dramatic loss of otoprotection activity compared with 500 mg NAC. These findings support that single antioxidants or antioxidant combinations, particularly ACEMg in this experimental series, have significant otoprotection efficacy against cisplatin ototoxicity. However, an excess of combined antioxidants and/or elevated doses, above a yet-to-be-defined “antioxidation threshold”, results in unrecoverable redox imbalance with loss of otoprotectant activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)

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16 pages, 1607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q-10) Supplementation Influences Exercise-Induced Changes in Serum 25(OH)D₃ and the Methyl-Arginine Metabolites: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

by Jan Mieszkowski, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Paulina Brzezińska, Magdalena Kochanowicz, Katarzyna Żołądkiewicz, Błażej Stankiewicz, Bartłomiej Niespodziński, Joanna Reczkowicz, Konrad Kowalski and Jędrzej Antosiewicz

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 760; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070760 - 23 Jun 2024

Viewed by 357

Abstract

Researchers have studied the effects of exercise on serum methyl-arginine and vitamin D metabolites; however, the effects of exercise combined with antioxidants are not well documented. Since oxidative stress affects the metabolism of vitamin D and methyl-arginine, we hypothesised that the antioxidant coenzyme [...] Read more.

Researchers have studied the effects of exercise on serum methyl-arginine and vitamin D metabolites; however, the effects of exercise combined with antioxidants are not well documented. Since oxidative stress affects the metabolism of vitamin D and methyl-arginine, we hypothesised that the antioxidant coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) might modulate exercise-induced changes. A group of twenty-eight healthy men participated in this study and were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The exercise test was performed until exhaustion, with gradually increasing intensity, before and after the 21-day CoQ₁₀ supplementation. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h after exercise. CoQ₁₀, vitamin D metabolites, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine, methylarginine, dimethylamine, arginine, citrulline, and ornithine were analysed in serum samples. CoQ₁₀ supplementation caused a 2.76-fold increase in the concentration of serum CoQ₁₀. Conversely, the 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased after exercise only in the placebo group. ADMA increased after exercise before supplementation, but a decrease was observed in the CoQ₁₀ supplementation group 24 h after exercise. In conclusion, our data indicate that CoQ₁₀ supplementation modifies the effects of exercise on vitamin D and methyl-arginine metabolism, suggesting its beneficial effects. These findings contribute to the understanding of how antioxidants like CoQ₁₀ can modulate biochemical responses to exercise, potentially offering new insights for enhancing athletic performance and recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Antioxidant Enzyme Systems)

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19 pages, 4318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Survival of Human Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Cells under Oxidative Stress Relies on the Autophagy Triggered by Delphinidin

by Md Entaz Bahar, Jin Seok Hwang, Trang Huyen Lai, June-Ho Byun, Dong-Hee Kim and Deok Ryong Kim

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 759; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070759 - 23 Jun 2024

Viewed by 221

Abstract

Delphinidin (Delp), a natural antioxidant, has shown promise in treating age-related ailments such as osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigates the impact of delphinidin on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) using human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) subjected to hydrogen peroxide. Various molecular and cellular assays [...] Read more.

Delphinidin (Delp), a natural antioxidant, has shown promise in treating age-related ailments such as osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigates the impact of delphinidin on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) using human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) subjected to hydrogen peroxide. Various molecular and cellular assays were employed to assess senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation markers, and the activation of AMPK and autophagy pathways. Initially, oxidative stress (OS)-induced hNPCs exhibited notably elevated levels of senescence markers like p53 and p21, which were mitigated by Delp treatment. Additionally, Delp attenuated IVDD characteristics including apoptosis and ECM degradation markers in OS-induced senescence (OSIS) hNPCs by downregulating MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 while upregulating COL2A1 and aggrecans. Furthermore, Delp reversed the increased ROS production and reduced autophagy activation observed in OSIS hNPCs. Interestingly, the ability of Delp to regulate cellular senescence and ECM balance in OSIS hNPCs was hindered by autophagy inhibition using CQ. Remarkably, Delp upregulated SIRT1 and phosphorylated AMPK expression while downregulating mTOR phosphorylation in the presence of AICAR (AMPK activator), and this effect was reversed by Compound C, AMPK inhibitor. In summary, our findings suggest that Delp can safeguard hNPCs from oxidative stress by promoting autophagy through the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Autophagy and Oxidative Stress)

21 pages, 1880 KiB

Open AccessReview

Understanding the Transcription Factor NFE2L1/NRF1 from the Perspective of Hallmarks of Cancer

by Haomeng Zhang, Yong Liu, Ke Zhang, Zhixuan Hong, Zongfeng Liu, Zhe Liu, Guichen Li, Yuanyuan Xu, Jingbo Pi, Jingqi Fu and Yuanhong Xu

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 758; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070758 - 22 Jun 2024

Viewed by 414

Abstract

Cancer cells subvert multiple properties of normal cells, including escaping strict cell cycle regulation, gaining resistance to cell death, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The hallmarks of cancer have recently been updated and summarized. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also named [...] Read more.

Cancer cells subvert multiple properties of normal cells, including escaping strict cell cycle regulation, gaining resistance to cell death, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The hallmarks of cancer have recently been updated and summarized. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also named NRF1) belongs to the cap’n’collar (CNC) basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) family. It acts as a transcription factor and is indispensable for maintaining both cellular homoeostasis and organ integrity during development and growth, as well as adaptive responses to pathophysiological stressors. In addition, NFE2L1 mediates the proteasome bounce-back effect in the clinical proteasome inhibitor therapy of neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma, and triple-negative breast cancer, which quickly induces proteasome inhibitor resistance. Recent studies have shown that NFE2L1 mediates cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming in various cancer cell lines. We combined the framework provided by “hallmarks of cancer” with recent research on NFE2L1 to summarize the role and mechanism of NFE2L1 in cancer. These ongoing efforts aim to contribute to the development of potential novel cancer therapies that target the NFE2L1 pathway and its activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Status in Tumor Progression)

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27 pages, 6531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

uL3 Regulates Redox Metabolism and Ferroptosis Sensitivity of p53-Deleted Colorectal Cancer Cells

by Chiara Brignola, Annalisa Pecoraro, Camilla Danisi, Nunzia Iaccarino, Anna Di Porzio, Francesca Romano, Pietro Carotenuto, Giulia Russo and Annapina Russo

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 757; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070757 - 22 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the development of drug resistance and metastasis remains a serious concern for the efficacy of chemotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously demonstrated that low expression of ribosomal protein uL3 positively correlates with chemoresistance in CRC patients. [...] Read more.

Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the development of drug resistance and metastasis remains a serious concern for the efficacy of chemotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously demonstrated that low expression of ribosomal protein uL3 positively correlates with chemoresistance in CRC patients. Here, we demonstrated that the loss of uL3 increased the metastatic capacity of CRC cells in chick embryos. Metabolomic analysis revealed large perturbations in amino acid and glutathione metabolism in resistant uL3-silenced CRC cells, indicating that uL3 silencing dramatically triggered redox metabolic reprogramming. RNA-Seq data revealed a notable dysregulation of 108 genes related to ferroptosis in CRC patients. Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) is one of the most dysregulated genes; its mRNA stability is negatively regulated by uL3, and its expression is inversely correlated with uL3 levels. Inhibition of SLC7A11 with erastin impaired resistant uL3-silenced CRC cell survival by inducing ferroptosis. Of interest, the combined treatment erastin plus uL3 enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of uL3-silenced CRC cells to erastin. The antimetastatic potential of the combined strategy was evaluated in chick embryos. Overall, our study sheds light on uL3-mediated chemoresistance and provides evidence of a novel therapeutic approach, erastin plus uL3, to induce ferroptosis, establishing individualized therapy by examining p53, uL3 and SLC7A11 profiles in tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)

21 pages, 4319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Response of Maternal and Fetal Rat Liver to Selenium Nanoparticle Supplementation Compared to Sodium Selenite: Sex Differences between Fetuses

by Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski, Slavica Borković-Mitić, Nataša Nestorović, Nataša Ristić, Radomir Stefanović, Magdalena Stevanović, Nenad Filipović, Aleksandar Stojsavljević and Slađan Pavlović

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 756; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070756 - 21 Jun 2024

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Abstract

To compare the effects of organic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se⁰) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Na₂SeO₃, Se⁴⁺) on the antioxidant response in maternal and fetal rat liver, pregnant females were treated with two forms of [...] Read more.

To compare the effects of organic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se⁰) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Na₂SeO₃, Se⁴⁺) on the antioxidant response in maternal and fetal rat liver, pregnant females were treated with two forms of selenium (Se) at equivalent doses during gestation (0.5 mg SeNPs or 0.5 mg NaSe/kg body weight/day). Structural parameters of the liver of gravid females and their fetuses were examined in a sex-specific manner. The oxidative stress parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were established. In addition, the Se concentration was determined in the blood, liver, urine and feces of the gravid females and in the liver of the fetuses. The structure of the liver of gravid females remained histologically the same after supplementation with both forms of Se, while the oxidative stress in the liver was significantly lower after the use of SeNPs compared to NaSe. Immaturity of fetal antioxidant defenses and sex specificity were demonstrated. This study provides a detailed insight into the differences in the bioavailability of the nano form of Se compared to sodium selenite in the livers of pregnant females and fetuses. Full article

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17 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mass Yields, Antioxidant and Anti-DU145 Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation Properties of ProSoy Soymilk as Affected by Extraction Methods and Cooking

by Sam K. C. Chang and Yingying Tan

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 755; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070755 - 21 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Both the soybean variety and processing method affect the end soybean product’s characteristics. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of four extraction methods (variations of soaking and grinding) combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances and the [...] Read more.

Both the soybean variety and processing method affect the end soybean product’s characteristics. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of four extraction methods (variations of soaking and grinding) combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances and the antioxidant and anti-DU145 prostate cancer cell proliferation properties of soymilks prepared from a yellow soybean of the ProSoy variety, which is a high-protein variety. The results showed that the soymilk processing yield was the greatest using method 4, although method 2 gave the highest solid and protein yields by about 14 and 12%, respectively. Method 4, a two-step grinding method, also gave increased yields (8 and 7% for solids and proteins, respectively), and in all but one instance produced higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and total isoflavone content values in both raw and cooked soymilks as compared to method 1. Cooking the soymilks reduced 14–17% of their total phenolic substances. Cooking reduced the anti-cancer capacity of the phenolic extracts from the soymilk prepared using method 4 by increasing the IC50 value from about 4.9 mg/mL to 6.8 mg/mL. The increases in phenolic compounds and antioxidants produced in the Prosoy soymilks using methods 2 and 4, with simultaneous increases in product and solid yields, are of significant benefit to the soymilk industry and consumer health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legume Antioxidants: Chemistry and Potential Health Impact as Affected by Food Processing and Storage)

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18 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of a Two-Year Lifestyle Intervention on Intrahepatic Fat Reduction and Renal Health: Mitigation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, a Randomized Trial

by Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés, Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Cristina Bouzas, Silvia García, David Mateos, Miguel Casares, Cristina Gómez, Lucía Ugarriza, Josep A. Tur and Antoni Sureda

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 754; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070754 - 21 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease observed in clinical practice worldwide. This disorder has been independently associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a [...] Read more.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease observed in clinical practice worldwide. This disorder has been independently associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a 2-year intervention based on a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity focussed on reducing intrahepatic fat contents (IFC) was associated with a decreased risk of CKD. Forty adults (50% women) residing in Mallorca, aged 48 to 60 years, diagnosed with MAFLD were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether they improved IFC measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Anthropometric and clinical parameters improved in responders, including reduced weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Only responders showed improvements in lipid profile and liver enzymes. Haematological parameters showed favourable changes in both groups. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers differed between groups. Responders had lower plasma interleukine-18 (IL-18) levels, but higher erythrocyte malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Non-responders showed increased erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. After 2 years, non-responders had higher serum creatinine, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) levels, while responders showed reductions in these parameters together with uric acid and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Positive correlations were found between changes in IFC and kidney injury biomarkers, including MDRD and serum creatinine levels. In conclusion, a healthy diet based on the Mediterranean dietary pattern and lifestyle promotes significant improvements in parameters related to cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Liver Disease)

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22 pages, 4500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential, Metabolite Composition and Inorganic Profile of Cistus monspeliensis L. Aerial Parts and Roots

by Eileen Mac Sweeney, Ilaria Chiocchio, Manuela Mandrone, Cinzia Sanna, Fabjola Bilo, Giuseppina Maccarinelli, Vlad Sebastian Popescu, Mariachiara Pucci, Stefania Morandini, Maurizio Memo, Daniela Letizia Uberti, Laura Borgese, Simona Trincia, Ferruccio Poli, Andrea Mastinu and Giulia Abate

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 753; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox13070753 - 21 Jun 2024

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Abstract

This work focuses on Cistus monspeliensis L. aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) extracts, investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the two organs in comparison. At dosages between 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, both extracts showed a protective effect against LPS inflammatory stimulus [...] Read more.

This work focuses on Cistus monspeliensis L. aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) extracts, investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the two organs in comparison. At dosages between 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, both extracts showed a protective effect against LPS inflammatory stimulus on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Interestingly, only R was able to significantly reduce both IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA gene expression in the presence of LPS. Moreover, the treatment of a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) with AP and R at 6.25 µg/mL increased the cell survival rate by nearly 20% after H₂O₂ insult. However, only R promoted mitochondria survival, exhibited a significantly higher production of ATP and a higher activity of the enzyme catalase than the control. Both AP and R had similar primary metabolites; in particular, they both contained 1-O-methyl-epi-inositol. Labdane and methoxylated flavonoids were the most characteristic compounds of AP, while R contained mainly catechins, gallic acid, and pyrogallol derivatives. Considering the importance of elemental composition in plants, the inorganic profile of AP and R was also investigated and compared. No potentially toxic elements, such as Pb, were detected in any sample. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Plant Extracts—3rd Edition)

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Antioxidants, Volume 13, Issue 7 (July 2024) – 15 articles

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