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Article

Unravelling the Homology between Calycine Glands in Malpighiales: New Data from Basal Malpighiaceae

by
Stéphani Karoline Vasconcelos Bonifácio
1,
André Márcio Araújo Amorim
2,
Élder Antônio Sousa Paiva
1 and
Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira
1,*
1
Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
2
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45600-970, BA, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 26 April 2024 / Revised: 3 June 2024 / Accepted: 13 June 2024 / Published: 14 June 2024

Abstract

Discussing homology relationships among secretory structures remains a relatively underexplored area in botanical research. These structures are widely dispersed within Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of eudicots. Within Malpighiales, both extranuptial and nuptial nectaries are present, and they do not seem homoplastic or share evolutionary connections. Particularly in Malpighiaceae, extensive research has focused on the ecological interactions mediated by glands. Botanists largely agree that elaiophores in sepals of Neotropical Malpighiaceae have evolved from extrafloral nectaries on leaves. However, the evolutionary origin of elaiophores has yet to be thoroughly examined, particularly in comparison to outgroups. This study provides empirical evidence on the ontogeny of elaiophores and investigates their evolutionary origins and homology relationships across different lineages of Malpighiales using comparative anatomy. Our findings suggest that elaiophores are likely homologous to extranuptial nectaries found in sepals of other Malpighiales lineages, originating from nectaries on leaves. This discussion is a starting point for future studies exploring the evolution of nectaries found in flowers, whether extranuptial or nuptial, and their potential origins from nectaries in vegetative organs such as leaves. Understanding these relationships could shed light on the selective pressures influencing floral morphologies.
Keywords: calycine glands; elaiophore; extrafloral nectary; floral glands; floral rewards calycine glands; elaiophore; extrafloral nectary; floral glands; floral rewards

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bonifácio, S.K.V.; Amorim, A.M.A.; Paiva, É.A.S.; Oliveira, D.M.T. Unravelling the Homology between Calycine Glands in Malpighiales: New Data from Basal Malpighiaceae. Plants 2024, 13, 1654. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13121654

AMA Style

Bonifácio SKV, Amorim AMA, Paiva ÉAS, Oliveira DMT. Unravelling the Homology between Calycine Glands in Malpighiales: New Data from Basal Malpighiaceae. Plants. 2024; 13(12):1654. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13121654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bonifácio, Stéphani Karoline Vasconcelos, André Márcio Araújo Amorim, Élder Antônio Sousa Paiva, and Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira. 2024. "Unravelling the Homology between Calycine Glands in Malpighiales: New Data from Basal Malpighiaceae" Plants 13, no. 12: 1654. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13121654

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