Application of Xanthan-Gum-Based Edible Coating Incorporated with Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Nanoliposomes in Salmon Preservation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Bacterial Culture
2.2. Antibacterial Activity of LC-EO
2.3. Preparation and Characterization of LC-EO Nanoliposomes
2.3.1. Preparation of LC-EO Nanoliposomes
2.3.2. Characterization of LC-EO Nanoliposomes
Determination of Particle Size, PDI, Zeta Potential, and EE of LC-EO
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
SEM
2.4. Preparation of Coating Solutions
2.5. Rheological Properties of the Coating Solutions
2.6. Challenge Test of Edible Coating in Salmon Preservation
2.6.1. Coating Process of Salmon Fillet
2.6.2. pH
2.6.3. Lipid Oxidation
2.6.4. Protein Oxidation
2.6.5. Surface Color
2.6.6. Texture Evaluation
2.6.7. Microbial Analyses
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Antibacterial Activity of LC-EO against V. parahaemolyticus
3.2. Characterization of LC-EO Liposomes
3.3. Rheological Analysis of Coating Solutions
3.4. Salmon Preservation by Edible Coating
3.4.1. pH
3.4.2. TBARS Determination
3.4.3. Protein Oxidation
3.4.4. Surface Color
3.4.5. Texture Properties
3.4.6. Microbial Analyses
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Control | 4 mg/mL | 5 mg/mL | 6 mg/mL | 7 mg/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Particle Size (nm) | 101.27 ± 9.51 c | 149.92 ± 9.42 b | 168.10 ± 11.97 ab | 174.22 ± 10.96 a | 185.39 ± 13.46 a |
PDI | 0.208 ± 0.015 c | 0.232 ± 0.021 abc | 0.250 ± 0.025 ab | 0.254 ± 0.011 a | 0.217 ± 0.022 bc |
Zeta Potential (mV) | −19.36 ± 0.71 d | −29.28 ± 0.75 b | −32.14 ± 0.52 a | −28.02 ± 0.23 c | −27.07 ± 1.05 c |
Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | / | 34.2 ± 1.92 b | 37.8 ± 1.58 a | 31.42 ± 1.96 b | 26.60 ± 2.14 c |
Sample | K (Pa·s) | n | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
XG | 6.351 ± 0.073 a | 0.122 ± 0.003 f | 0.9655 |
1:1 | 0.730 ± 0.006 b | 0.238 ± 0.002 e | 0.9971 |
1:2 | 0.302 ± 0.004 c | 0.298 ± 0.004 d | 0.9951 |
1:3 | 0.283 ± 0.002 d | 0.383 ± 0.002 c | 0.9995 |
1:4 | 0.204 ± 0.001 e | 0.428 ± 0.001 a | 0.9997 |
1:5 | 0.077 ± 0.003 f | 0.415 ± 0.010 b | 0.9842 |
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Cui, H.; Yang, M.; Shi, C.; Li, C.; Lin, L. Application of Xanthan-Gum-Based Edible Coating Incorporated with Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Nanoliposomes in Salmon Preservation. Foods 2022, 11, 1535. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111535
Cui H, Yang M, Shi C, Li C, Lin L. Application of Xanthan-Gum-Based Edible Coating Incorporated with Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Nanoliposomes in Salmon Preservation. Foods. 2022; 11(11):1535. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111535
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Haiying, Mei Yang, Ce Shi, Changzhu Li, and Lin Lin. 2022. "Application of Xanthan-Gum-Based Edible Coating Incorporated with Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Nanoliposomes in Salmon Preservation" Foods 11, no. 11: 1535. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111535