Low-Cost Angle Sensor for Robotics Applications Using Plastic Optical Fiber Based on Optical Loss Mechanism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Light Loss Theory of POF
2.1. Bending Loss of POF
2.2. Coupling Loss of POF
3. Experiment for Optical Loss of POF
3.1. Experimental Apparatus and Method
3.2. Experimental Results
4. Robot Arm Device with POF Angle Sensor
4.1. POF Applied Robot Arm Device Design
4.2. Performance Evaluation of POF Angle Sensor
4.3. Comparative Evaluation of Sensors in Extreme Environments
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The characteristics of bending loss and coupling loss that occur when POF is applied to the joints of the robot arm were confirmed experimentally, and suitability was confirmed through comparison with theoretical equations from previous studies.
- (2)
- A POF angle sensor capable of measuring robotic joint angles using both bending and coupling losses has been successfully designed and fabricated.
- (3)
- When manufacturing the POF angle sensor for a robot arm using POF, the appropriate initial gap distance () and joint radius () were determined to be 8 mm and 7.5 mm, respectively, taking comprehensive consideration of manufacturability and optical fiber characteristics.
- (4)
- Through performance evaluation of the manufactured POF angle sensor, it was confirmed that angle measurement up to 165 degrees is possible. In addition, it was confirmed that the POF angle sensor has linearity in each section and a minimum resolution of 0.030 degree in the 0–30 degree section. In addition, a method of limiting the initial angle of the sensor to 60 degrees was also proposed to improve the linearity of the sensor.
- (5)
- In order to confirm the reliability of each sensor in an extreme environment, an interference measurement experiment was conducted in an environment with a maximum magnetic flux density of 0.412 Tesla. The encoder confirmed that the interference level in the magnetic field environment increased 9.67 times compared to the noise in the general environment, whereas it was confirmed that there was no difference in the POF angle sensor.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Section | 0~30° | 30~60° | 60~90° | 90~120° | 120~150° | 150~165° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.95 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
Section | 0~30° | 30~60° | 60~90° | 90~120° | 120~150° | 150~165° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noise [mV] | 2.39 | 2.324 | 2.375 | 2.443 | 2.405 | 2.442 |
Resolution [°] | 0.030 | 0.109 | 0.218 | 0.418 | 0.816 | 1.333 |
Noise Level in a General Environment | Interference Level in Magnetic Field Environment | Relative Ratio of the Levels of Two Environments | Underwater Operation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Encoder | 3 [Pulse] | 29 [Pulse] | 9.67 | Inoperable |
POF angle sensor | 2.39 [mV] | 2.40 [mV] | 1.00 | Operable |
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Lee, H.-W.; Kim, D.-H.; Shin, S. Low-Cost Angle Sensor for Robotics Applications Using Plastic Optical Fiber Based on Optical Loss Mechanism. Biomimetics 2023, 8, 567. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomimetics8080567
Lee H-W, Kim D-H, Shin S. Low-Cost Angle Sensor for Robotics Applications Using Plastic Optical Fiber Based on Optical Loss Mechanism. Biomimetics. 2023; 8(8):567. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomimetics8080567
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyun-Woo, Dae-Hyun Kim, and Sangwoo Shin. 2023. "Low-Cost Angle Sensor for Robotics Applications Using Plastic Optical Fiber Based on Optical Loss Mechanism" Biomimetics 8, no. 8: 567. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomimetics8080567