Wind Forces on Medium-Span Bridges: A Comparison of Eurocode 1 Part 4 and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bridge Details
3. Eurocode Analysis
3.1. Eurocode Parameters
3.2. Eurocode Values for Wind Actions
4. CFD Analysis
4.1. Model Description
4.2. Wind Input Values—From Met Eireann Data
4.3. CFD Values for Wind Actions
5. Comparison of the Eurocode and CFD Wind Actions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Wind Direction Clockwise from Due North (Degrees) | Distance Upwind to Shoreline (km) |
---|---|---|
Dublin | 180 | 40 |
210 | 20 | |
240 | 6 | |
270 | 3 | |
300 | 3 | |
Galway | 180 | 110 |
210 | 230 | |
240 | 270 | |
270 | 190 | |
300 | 210 | |
Cork | 180 | 170 |
210 | 430 | |
240 | 270 | |
270 | 16 | |
300 | 8 |
Case | Altitude | Wind Direction | Wind Velocity | Wind Force |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eurocode Case | Altitude factor used to show effect of altitude on wind intensity | Directional factor changed to simulate the changes in wind intensity for different directions | Vb value used, which is influenced by the altitude factor and directional factor 1 | Fw determined using the Eurocode calculation |
CFD Case | Altitude of each Met Eireann weather station is observed | Direction of the wind changed by rotating the bridge in the x–y plane within the CFD model | Velocity values generated from historical Met Eireann data | Net wind force determined using CFD models |
CFD Case 1 | Altitude factor used to show effect of altitude on wind intensity | Directional factor changed to simulate the changes in wind intensity for different directions | Vb value used, which is influenced by the altitude factor and directional factor 1 | Net wind force determined using CFD models |
CFD Case 2 | Altitude factor used to show effect of altitude on wind intensity | Direction of the wind changed by rotating the bridge in the x–y plane within the CFD model | Vb,0 value used, which is influenced by the altitude factor only. | Net wind force determined using CFD models |
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Moore, N.; Keenahan, J. Wind Forces on Medium-Span Bridges: A Comparison of Eurocode 1 Part 4 and Computational Fluid Dynamics. CivilEng 2022, 3, 794-808. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng3030046
Moore N, Keenahan J. Wind Forces on Medium-Span Bridges: A Comparison of Eurocode 1 Part 4 and Computational Fluid Dynamics. CivilEng. 2022; 3(3):794-808. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng3030046
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoore, Niamh, and Jennifer Keenahan. 2022. "Wind Forces on Medium-Span Bridges: A Comparison of Eurocode 1 Part 4 and Computational Fluid Dynamics" CivilEng 3, no. 3: 794-808. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng3030046