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Audiology Research
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Advances in Cochlear Implantation
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Advances in Cochlear Implantation

A special issue of Audiology Research (ISSN 2039-4349).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 24242

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Diego Zanetti

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Audiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
Interests: sensorineural hearing loss; inner ear disorders; cochlear implants; rehabilitation
Dr. Federica Di Berardino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Audiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
Interests: sensorineural hearing loss; inner ear disorders; cochlear implants; rehabilitation

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

We wish to invite you and your research team to submit an article for the special issue on “advances in cochlear implantation”.

Cochlear implants (CIs) have proven to be an invaluable rehabilitative option for children and adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss, providing improved access to the acoustic environment and, especially, to speech.

The first trial of electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve was conducted in 1953 by Djourno ed Eyries on a patient operated for chronic otitis media and facial palsy. In 1970, William House  in California implanted the first single-channel stimulating electrode to an adult deaf patient, who reported he could perceive sound. Since then, the advancements in CI technology have ben continuous and comparable to “quantum leaps”: in 1984, multichannel CI were developed; strategies of speech processing were progressively improved; at the dawn of the new millennium, CIs were approved for use also in children, and they are now considered the gold standard for profound congenital bilateral hearing loss, with the age at implantation being progressively reduced. Based on the clinical outcomes, the audiological criteria for implantation are currently expanding, in adults, to asymmetric hearing losses, high-frequency losses (“ski-slope audiograms) and also to single-side deafness. Furthermore, children with additional disabilities are not excluded any longer from the opportunity to regain contact with sound.

Meanwhile, molecular genetics allowed to map more than 150 mutations responsible for isolated deafness, imaging can depict the subtle changes in the inner ear compartments, and speech training methods have evolved from language articulation to cognitive tasks based on the improved sensorial input. However, outcomes with a CI can vary significantly, owing to the several factors impacting on performance. It is imperative to address and improve each of these relevant factors, in order to maximize the benefits, that will affect the recipient across his/her lifespan.

 We especially encourage submissions concerning scope of this special issue includes, but is not limited to:

  • Candidacy assessment
    • Pediatric populations;
    • Children with additional disabilities;
    • Expanding indications in adults;
    • Imaging;
    • Genetics of deafness related to CI
    • Cochlear/neural/central dysfunction with preserved OHCs (the so-called Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders);
    • Speech-language evaluation;
    • Vestibular assessment
    • Electrophysiology
    • Cognitive tests and psychological counselling
  • Surgical advances
    • Surgical technique refinements;
    • Residual hearing preservation;
    • Intra-operative electrophysiological measures
    • Combined drug delivery
    • Management of special cases and complications
  • Technological innovations
    • Sound processing strategies;
    • Standard vs special electrode arrays;
    • Intra-operative and post-implantation imaging (e.g. MRI compatibility)
    • Tele-audiology for CI;
    • Connectivity
    • Engineering developments
  • Outcomes of CI:
    • Age-related outcomes in children
    • CI in single-side and asymmetric deafness
    • CI in the elderly;
    • Bimodal and electro-acoustic solutions
    • CI outcomes in specific etiologies of deafness
    • Speech-language training in adults and in children
    • Mapping issues and hints
    • Evaluation and training of cognitive abilities
    • CI and music

Dr. Diego Zanetti
Dr. Federica Di Berardino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Audiology Research is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hearing loss
  • Cochlear implant
  • Etiology of deafness
  • Genetics of deafness
  • Assessment
  • Outcomes
  • Surgical technique

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Cochlear Implant Evolving Indications: Our Outcomes in Adult Patients
by Andrea Achena, Francesco Achena, Alberto Giulio Dragonetti, Serena Sechi, Andrea Walter Pili, Maria Cristina Locci, Giuseppe Turnu, Antonino Maniaci and Salvatore Ferlito
Audiol. Res. 2022, 12(4), 414-422; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres12040042 - 07 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2218
Abstract
Background: The eligibility criteria for cochlear implantation are constantly evolving, following the continuous progress in technology, knowledge about cochlear implant (CI) fitting, and the possibility to preserve residual hearing. Appropriate attention should be given to asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) and single-side deafness (SSD) [...] Read more.
Background: The eligibility criteria for cochlear implantation are constantly evolving, following the continuous progress in technology, knowledge about cochlear implant (CI) fitting, and the possibility to preserve residual hearing. Appropriate attention should be given to asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) and single-side deafness (SSD) subjects. This study aimed to analyze cochlear implant indications and evaluate the longitudinal performance outcomes for patients with different kinds and degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: A total of 69 adult hearing loss CI recipients were included and divided into four subgroups according to our CI indication criteria. We performed objective and subjective measures, including speech perception analysis in silence and with background noise, comparing the outcomes obtained in the four groups. Results: After cochlear implant surgery, concerning the preimplantation daily listening condition, a significantly improved speech perception score in silence and noise was found in all four groups (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: CI could represent an efficient solution for patients with AHL and SSD classes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
11 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
Control of Disabling Vertigo in Ménière’s Disease Following Cochlear Implantation without Labyrinthectomy
by Andrea Canale, Giulia Dalmasso, Roberto Albera, Sergio Lucisano, George Dumas, Flavio Perottino and Andrea Albera
Audiol. Res. 2022, 12(4), 393-403; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres12040040 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
Background: The placement of a cochlear implant (CI) can restore auditory function in the case of profound cochlear deafness, which may be due to Ménière’s disease (MD) or be associated with symptoms related to endolymphatic hydrops. The usual treatment of disabling vertigo in [...] Read more.
Background: The placement of a cochlear implant (CI) can restore auditory function in the case of profound cochlear deafness, which may be due to Ménière’s disease (MD) or be associated with symptoms related to endolymphatic hydrops. The usual treatment of disabling vertigo in MD is based on vestibular deafferentation by labyrinth ablation. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of the CI in the control of disabling vestibular manifestations in the case of MD unresponsive to medical treatments. Methods: A case series of five MD patients with disabling vestibular manifestations associated with profound hearing loss was included. A complete audio-vestibular evaluation was performed after CI positioning. Results: All patients reported clinical benefits after implant positioning: no vestibular crisis was reported after the surgery. The vHIT and the caloric test showed a normal function or a mild vestibular hypofunction. The auditory performances were comparable to those in the general implanted population. All patients reported subjective tinnitus reduction. Conclusions: To date, very few studies have reported vestibular outcomes in hydropic pathology on the implanted side; our results are encouraging. We can therefore confirm the efficacy and safety of the CI as a unique treatment for hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus in case of disabling cochlear hydrops, especially in those patients where the history of the disease requires preservation of the vestibular function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
9 pages, 1373 KiB  
Article
Cochlear Implant in Patients with Intralabyrinthine Schwannoma without Tumor Removal
by Andrea Laborai, Sara Ghiselli and Domenico Cuda
Audiol. Res. 2022, 12(1), 33-41; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres12010004 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3418
Abstract
(1) Background: Schwannomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve are benign, slow-growing tumors, arising from the Schwann cells. When they originate from neural elements within the vestibule or cochlea, they are defined as intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILSs). Cochlear implant (CI) has been reported as a feasible [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Schwannomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve are benign, slow-growing tumors, arising from the Schwann cells. When they originate from neural elements within the vestibule or cochlea, they are defined as intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILSs). Cochlear implant (CI) has been reported as a feasible solution for hearing restoration in these patients. (2) Methods: Two patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) due to sudden sensorineural hearing loss and ipsilateral tinnitus were the cases. MRI detected an ILS. CI was positioned using a standard round window approach without tumor removal. (3) Results: The hearing threshold was 35 dB in one case and 30 dB in the other 6 mo after activation. Speech audiometry with bisillables in quiet was 21% and 27% at 65 dB, and the tinnitus was completely resolved or reduced. In the localization test, a 25.9° error azimuth was obtained with CI on, compared to 43.2° without CI. The data log reported a daily use of 11 h and 14 h. In order to not decrease the CI’s performance, we decided not to perform tumor exeresis, but only CI surgery to restore functional binaural hearing. (4) Conclusions: These are the sixth and seventh cases in the literature of CI in patients with ILS without any tumor treatment and the first with SSD. Cochlear implant without tumor removal can be a feasible option for restoring binaural hearing without worsening the CI’s performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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12 pages, 1055 KiB  
Article
Executive Functions and Deafness: Results in a Group of Cochlear Implanted Children
by Andrea De Giacomo, Alessandra Murri, Emilia Matera, Francesco Pompamea, Francesco Craig, Francesca Giagnotti, Roberto Bartoli and Nicola Quaranta
Audiol. Res. 2021, 11(4), 706-717; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres11040063 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
Objects: This study aimed to evaluate the Executive Function (EF) domains in a group of profoundly deaf children treated with cochlear implant (CI) in comparison to normal hearing (NH) children. The secondary aim was to evaluate the influence exerted by the age at [...] Read more.
Objects: This study aimed to evaluate the Executive Function (EF) domains in a group of profoundly deaf children treated with cochlear implant (CI) in comparison to normal hearing (NH) children. The secondary aim was to evaluate the influence exerted by the age at cochlear implant activation on EFs. Materials and Methods: 32 children were enrolled into two groups: group A of 17 CI users with a mean age of 8.78 years and group B of 15 NH subjects with a mean age of 7.99 years (SD + 2.3). All subjects were tested using the following tests: the subtests for working memory of the neuropsychological evaluation battery for the developmental age (Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l’età evolutive), inhibition and control of the impulsive response—CAF, and the tower of London test. Results: No children with CIs scored within the normal range in the tests administered for the evaluation of EF domains. The same scores were significantly lower when compared with scores obtained by NH children. Children with younger age at CI activation showed better executive performances in planning, working memory (backward digit span), and cognitive flexibility (categorical fluency). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight that cochlear implantation plays a role in improving hearing and consequently influences the development of EFs in deaf children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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15 pages, 2739 KiB  
Article
Intracorporeal Cortical Telemetry as a Step to Automatic Closed-Loop EEG-Based CI Fitting: A Proof of Concept
by Andy J. Beynon, Bart M. Luijten and Emmanuel A. M. Mylanus
Audiol. Res. 2021, 11(4), 691-705; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres11040062 - 13 Dec 2021
Viewed by 2339
Abstract
Electrically evoked auditory potentials have been used to predict auditory thresholds in patients with a cochlear implant (CI). However, with exception of electrically evoked compound action potentials (eCAP), conventional extracorporeal EEG recording devices are still needed. Until now, built-in (intracorporeal) back-telemetry options are [...] Read more.
Electrically evoked auditory potentials have been used to predict auditory thresholds in patients with a cochlear implant (CI). However, with exception of electrically evoked compound action potentials (eCAP), conventional extracorporeal EEG recording devices are still needed. Until now, built-in (intracorporeal) back-telemetry options are limited to eCAPs. Intracorporeal recording of auditory responses beyond the cochlea is still lacking. This study describes the feasibility of obtaining longer latency cortical responses by concatenating interleaved short recording time windows used for eCAP recordings. Extracochlear reference electrodes were dedicated to record cortical responses, while intracochlear electrodes were used for stimulation, enabling intracorporeal telemetry (i.e., without an EEG device) to assess higher cortical processing in CI recipients. Simultaneous extra- and intra-corporeal recordings showed that it is feasible to obtain intracorporeal slow vertex potentials with a CI similar to those obtained by conventional extracorporeal EEG recordings. Our data demonstrate a proof of concept of closed-loop intracorporeal auditory cortical response telemetry (ICT) with a cochlear implant device. This research breaks new ground for next generation CI devices to assess higher cortical neural processing based on acute or continuous EEG telemetry to enable individualized automatic and/or adaptive CI fitting with only a CI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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Review

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13 pages, 1252 KiB  
Review
Subtotal Petrosectomy (SP) in Cochlear Implantation (CI): A Report of 92 Cases
by Ignacio Arístegui, Gracia Aranguez, José Carlos Casqueiro, Manuel Gutiérrez-Triguero, Almudena del Pozo and Miguel Arístegui
Audiol. Res. 2022, 12(2), 113-125; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres12020014 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
In most cases, cochlear implantation is a straightforward procedure. Nevertheless, there are clinical situations in which the presence of the middle ear may compromise access and/or the outcome in terms of complications. This article includes a series of patients for whom we eliminated [...] Read more.
In most cases, cochlear implantation is a straightforward procedure. Nevertheless, there are clinical situations in which the presence of the middle ear may compromise access and/or the outcome in terms of complications. This article includes a series of patients for whom we eliminated the middle ear to facilitate placement of the electrode array of the implant and/or reduce potential complications. A total of 92 cases in 83 patients, managed by the senior author, are included in this series. Different indications are outlined that justify associating a subtotal petrosectomy technique with cochlear implantation. The steps of the technique are described. We include complications from this series that compare favorably with standard techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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20 pages, 497 KiB  
Review
Benefits of Parent Training in the Rehabilitation of Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children of Hearing Parents: A Systematic Review
by Ilaria Giallini, Maria Nicastri, Laura Mariani, Rosaria Turchetta, Giovanni Ruoppolo, Marco de Vincentiis, Corrado De Vito, Antonio Sciurti, Valentina Baccolini and Patrizia Mancini
Audiol. Res. 2021, 11(4), 653-672; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres11040060 - 13 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3377
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review on the effectiveness of Parent Training (PT) and coaching in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) rehabilitation programs which reviews and synthesizes the existing body of evidence to assess the benefits of these programs in enhancing [...] Read more.
The present study is a systematic review on the effectiveness of Parent Training (PT) and coaching in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) rehabilitation programs which reviews and synthesizes the existing body of evidence to assess the benefits of these programs in enhancing parents’ sensitivity, responsivity and promoting language development in DHH children during the first years after HA fitting or CI activation. Five published studies met the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) inclusion criteria and were eligible to be included, but heterogeneity in terms of the study design, interventions and outcomes did not allow for performing a meta-analysis. All included studies shared the view that a parent’s learning is a circular (rather than frontal) process, and the results appear promising in terms of enhancing parents’ responsiveness and promoting DHH child language development. Nevertheless, the available evidence was judged to not be robust enough due to limitations in the studies’ designs. Further high-quality evidence is needed to evaluate the true degree of clinical value and the cost effectiveness of PT programs aimed at increasing parents’ responsiveness to their DHH children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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Other

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9 pages, 268 KiB  
Concept Paper
Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Listening Effort in Young Children with Cochlear Implants
by Amanda Saksida, Sara Ghiselli, Stefano Bembich, Alessandro Scorpecci, Sara Giannantonio, Alessandra Resca, Pasquale Marsella and Eva Orzan
Audiol. Res. 2022, 12(1), 1-9; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/audiolres12010001 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3283
Abstract
Very early bilateral implantation is thought to significantly reduce the attentional effort required to acquire spoken language, and consequently offer a profound improvement in quality of life. Despite the early intervention, however, auditory and communicative outcomes in children with cochlear implants remain poorer [...] Read more.
Very early bilateral implantation is thought to significantly reduce the attentional effort required to acquire spoken language, and consequently offer a profound improvement in quality of life. Despite the early intervention, however, auditory and communicative outcomes in children with cochlear implants remain poorer than in hearing children. The distorted auditory input via the cochlear implants requires more auditory attention resulting in increased listening effort and fatigue. Listening effort and fatigue may critically affect attention to speech, and in turn language processing, which may help to explain the variation in language and communication abilities. However, measuring attention to speech and listening effort is demanding in infants and very young children. Three objective techniques for measuring listening effort are presented in this paper that may address the challenges of testing very young and/or uncooperative children with cochlear implants: pupillometry, electroencephalography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We review the studies of listening effort that used these techniques in paediatric populations with hearing loss, and discuss potential benefits of the systematic evaluation of listening effort in these populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cochlear Implantation)
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