Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the increase of large ungulates has been reported in many parts of the world. As large ungulates consume plants selectively, disturb the soil, and carry their seeds on their body or as pellets, the increase in their abundance has affected the plant community. However, the plant community is also affected by other factors such as climate change and management and land-use history. Furthermore, the resilience of the plant community to browsing and grazing of large ungulates is affected by the cumulative their impacts  and the type of plant community. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of large ungulate abundance on the plant community by considering these multiple factors.

For this Special issue, we encourage the submission of manuscripts on any aspects of the interaction between large ungulates and plants. We accept reviews, short- and full-size research papers that cover the aforementioned subjects.

Dr. Hayato Iijima
Dr. Takuo Nagaike
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• biodiversity
• functional type
• landscape components
• legacy effect
• wildlife abundance