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Biology
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Medical and Industrial Biotechnology
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Medical and Industrial Biotechnology

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2022) | Viewed by 6775

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ruben Fernandes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Medical and Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), School of Health, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Porto, Portugal
Interests: medical biotechnology; metabolic disorders; diabetes; obesity; infection; bacteria drug resistance; cancer; radiation biology; omics; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pilar Byalina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
2. Laboratory of Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
Interests: risk management; public health policies; infection management; drug resistance; phage therapy; biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Microorganisms play an important role in Earth biosystems and ecosystems. Microbes can be found in all types of habitats, such as in water, soil, and in symbiosis with higher organisms, but also in most inhospitable environments, such as sulfurous underwater sea, acidic hot springs, and even radioactive wastes. Their success relies on their plasticity and great diversity of physiological processes. Despite their important role in life systems, their diversity has been explored by modern biotechnology as a source of innovative tools for daily life. Bread, dairy products, and beverages are some of the examples of industrial applications of microorganisms, but byproducts of microbial origin may also be used in detergents, textiles, plastics, and even for depuration of several types of pollutes. As regards medical applications, microorganisms are important sources of several drugs, such as antibiotics, but also, several microbial products may be used as emergent medicinal materials for regenerative medicine or even as biofactories aiming to produce biopharmaceuticals and recombinant drugs. In the present Special Issue, authors are invited to present works focusing on disruptive innovations based on microbial origins aiming at medical, pharmaceutic, cosmetic, food, and environment advances.

Dr. Ruben Fernandes
Dr. Pilar Byalina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food microbiology and biotechnology
  • environmental microbiology and biotechnology
  • cosmetics and pharmaceutic microbiology and biotechnology
  • medical microbiology and pathogen control
  • pathogens and cancer
  • immune biotechnologies and vaccines
  • viruses as therapeutic agents – phage therapy and oncolytic viruses
  • nutriceuticals and probiotics
  • drug design and computational biotechnology
  • nanobiotechnologies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1718 KiB  
Article
Screw-Type Collar vs. Non-Screw-Type Collar Implants—Comparison of Initial Stability, Soft Tissue Adaptation, and Early Marginal Bone Loss—A Preclinical Study in the Dog
by Haim Tal, Vadim Reiser, Sarit Naishlos, Gal Avishai, Roni Kolerman and Liat Chaushu
Biology 2022, 11(8), 1213; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology11081213 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1353
Abstract
Background: Implant neck characteristics may affect initial implant stability, soft tissue healing, and early marginal bone loss (EMBL) at second-stage surgery. The null hypothesis was that, following two-stage implant insertion, rough surface, non-screw-type collar implants will present lower EMBL at 2nd-stage surgery than [...] Read more.
Background: Implant neck characteristics may affect initial implant stability, soft tissue healing, and early marginal bone loss (EMBL) at second-stage surgery. The null hypothesis was that, following two-stage implant insertion, rough surface, non-screw-type collar implants will present lower EMBL at 2nd-stage surgery than rough-surface, screw-type collar implants. Methods: The study comprised seven male beagle dogs (mean weight 10.57 ± 2.8 kg; range 9–17 kg). A novel implant design was developed, composed of 2 parts: an apical part resembling a regular threaded implant, and a coronal non-screw-type collar, 4.2 mm long, served as the study group, whereas standard threaded implants served as control. Twenty-eight implants were placed: two on each side of the mandible. All implants were sand-blasted/acid-etched and of similar dimensions. Each dog received four implants. To assess location (anterior vs. posterior) impact on the outcomes, implants were placed as follows: group I—posterior mandible right—non-screw-type collar implants; group II—anterior mandible right—similar non-screw-type collar implants. To assess the collar-design effect on the outcomes, implants were placed as follows—Group III—anterior mandible left—control group, screw-type collar implants; Group IV—study group, posterior mandible left—non-screw-type collar implants. The following parameters were measured and recorded: insertion torque, soft tissue healing, early implant failure, and EMBL at 2nd-stage surgery. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted between groups I and II regarding all outcome parameters. At the same time, although insertion torque (55 N/cm) and early implant failure (0) were similar between groups III and IV, group III presented significantly poorer soft tissue healing (1.43 vs. 0.14) and increased marginal bone loss (0.86 vs. 0 mm). Conclusions: When a two-stage implant protocol was used, rough-surface non-screw-type collar implants led to superior outcomes at 2nd-stage surgery. Implant location did not affect the results. The significance of this result in preventing EMBL awaits further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical and Industrial Biotechnology)
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17 pages, 1609 KiB  
Article
Isolation of Efficient Xylooligosaccharides-Fermenting Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Ethnic Pickled Bamboo Shoot Products
by Apinun Kanpiengjai, Pongsakorn Nuntikaew, Jirat Wongsanittayarak, Nalapat Leangnim and Chartchai Khanongnuch
Biology 2022, 11(5), 638; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology11050638 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) are produced from xylan, which is a component of the hemicellulose that can be found in bamboo shoots. Naw Mai Dong, an ethnic pickled bamboo shoot product of northern Thailand, is generally characterized as acidic and has a sour taste. It [...] Read more.
Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) are produced from xylan, which is a component of the hemicellulose that can be found in bamboo shoots. Naw Mai Dong, an ethnic pickled bamboo shoot product of northern Thailand, is generally characterized as acidic and has a sour taste. It can be considered a potential source of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This study aimed to isolate efficient XOSs-fermenting probiotic LAB from ethnic pickled bamboo shoot products. A total of 51 XOSs-fermenting LAB were recovered from 24 samples of Naw Mai Dong, while 17 strains exhibited luxuriant growth in xylose and XOSs. Among these, seven strains belonging to Levicaseibacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici exhibited similar growth in glucose, xylose, and XOSs, while the rest showed a weaker degree of growth in xylose and XOSs than glucose. Sixteen strains exhibited resistance under gastrointestinal tract conditions and displayed antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Notably, Lv. brevis FS2.1 possessed the greatest probiotic properties, with the highest %hydrophobicity index and %auto-aggregation. Effective degradation and utilization of XOSs by probiotic strains are dependent upon xylanase and β-xylosidase production, as well as xylose metabolism. It can be concluded that pickled bamboo shoot products can be a beneficial source of XOSs-fermenting probiotic LAB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical and Industrial Biotechnology)
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16 pages, 4087 KiB  
Article
New CTX-M Group Conferring β-Lactam Resistance: A Compendium of Phylogenetic Insights from Biochemical, Molecular, and Structural Biology
by Jacinta Mendonça, Carla Guedes, Carina Silva, Sara Sá, Marco Oliveira, Gustavo Accioly, Pilar Baylina, Pedro Barata, Cláudia Pereira and Ruben Fernandes
Biology 2022, 11(2), 256; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology11020256 - 07 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2744
Abstract
The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is the main defense mechanism found in Gram negative bacteria. Among all the ESBLs, the CTX-M enzymes appear as the most efficient in terms of dissemination in different epidemiological contexts. CTX-M enzymes exhibit a striking plasticity, with [...] Read more.
The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is the main defense mechanism found in Gram negative bacteria. Among all the ESBLs, the CTX-M enzymes appear as the most efficient in terms of dissemination in different epidemiological contexts. CTX-M enzymes exhibit a striking plasticity, with a large number of allelic variants distributed in several sublineages, which can be associated with functional heterogeneity of clinical relevance. This observational analytical study provides an update of this family, currently with more than 200 variants described, from a phylogenetic, molecular, and structural point of view through homology in amino acid sequences. Our data, combined with described literature, provide phylogenetic and structural evidence of a new group. Thus, herein, we propose six groups among CTX-M enzymes: the already stablished CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, and CTX-M-25 clusters, as well as CTX-M-151 as the new cluster. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical and Industrial Biotechnology)
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