Molecular Biomarkers of Thyroid Cancer

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past few decades, thyroid cancer has become much more common worldwide and is one of the 10 most prevalent cancer diagnoses in women. The American Cancer Society’s most recent estimate for the number of new thyroid cancer cases in the United States for 2024 is approximately 44,020 (12,500 in men and 31,520 in women). The main cause of increasing incidence trends has been overdiagnosis due to the increased use of diagnostic imaging and more sensitive diagnostic instruments, as the greatest increase in incidence has been observed in small, localized cancers with a higher probability of survival. Less invasive methods, including active surveillance, have been suggested because of the significant burden and financial consequences of over-diagnosing these patients. In contrast, larger, more aggressive tumors will continue to contribute to approximately 2170 thyroid cancer deaths (990 in men and 1180 in women) estimated by the American Cancer Society in the United States by 2024. These patients may require systemic therapy and close monitoring. Therefore, molecular markers for diagnosis and aggressiveness/prognosis are urgently needed.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect updated original articles and reviews on biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis of the growing population of patients with thyroid nodules around the world, especially those classified as indeterminate through cytology. Furthermore, we aim to understand how to distinguish patients who can be monitored from those who require more aggressive approaches.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original research articles and reviews for submission. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) microRNA，(2) the microenvironment, and (3) the bioinformatics and quantum chemistry analysis of single nucleotide variants.

Dr. Laura Sterian Ward
Dr. Lucas Leite Cunha
Dr. Irena Duś-Ilnicka
Guest Editors

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• gene polymorphisms
• Hashimoto disease
• thyroid papillary carcinoma
• thyroid neoplasms
• biomarkers
• microRNA
• single nucleotide variants (SNP)
• oncology biomarker profiling
• immunology
• microenvironment