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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy
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Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4654

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vasileios Kokkinos

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Interests: seizures; brain depth stimulation; drug resistant epilepsy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cortical electrical stimulation (CES) has been a key part of the phase II intracranial evaluation for epilepsy surgery, as a complementary means to delineate the seizure onset zone, since mid-twentieth century. CES has also been widely used to identify eloquent cortex regions for the purpose of mapping their spatial distribution with respect to the seizure onset zone. During the past two decades, electrical stimulation of the brain has entered the therapeutic realm of epilepsy, after the approval of neurostimulating devices in open- (Deep Brain Stimulation) and closed-loop (Responsive Neurostimulation) mode. As CES becomes more important in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow of epilepsy surgery, this special issue welcomes research and review articles covering important aspects of this fast growing field.

Dr. Vasileios Kokkinos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epilepsy
  • epilepsy surgery
  • cortical electrical stimulation
  • functional mapping
  • epileptogenic zone

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4100 KiB  
Article
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Data Processing in Epilepsy Patients with Implanted Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) Devices
by Pegah Askari, Natascha Cardoso da Fonseca, Tyrell Pruitt, Joseph A. Maldjian, Sasha Alick-Lindstrom and Elizabeth M. Davenport
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(2), 173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci14020173 - 09 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1241
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is often treated with surgery or neuromodulation. Specifically, responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a widely used therapy that is programmed to detect abnormal brain activity and intervene with tailored stimulation. Despite the success of RNS, some patients require further interventions. However, [...] Read more.
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is often treated with surgery or neuromodulation. Specifically, responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a widely used therapy that is programmed to detect abnormal brain activity and intervene with tailored stimulation. Despite the success of RNS, some patients require further interventions. However, having an RNS device in situ is a hindrance to the performance of neuroimaging techniques. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neurophysiologic and functional imaging technique, aids epilepsy assessment and surgery planning. MEG performed post-RNS is complicated by signal distortions. This study proposes an independent component analysis (ICA)-based approach to enhance MEG signal quality, facilitating improved assessment for epilepsy patients with implanted RNS devices. Three epilepsy patients, two with RNS implants and one without, underwent MEG scans. Preprocessing included temporal signal space separation (tSSS) and an automated ICA-based approach with MNE-Python. Power spectral density (PSD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were analyzed, and MEG dipole analysis was conducted using single equivalent current dipole (SECD) modeling. The ICA-based noise removal preprocessing method substantially improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for MEG data from epilepsy patients with implanted RNS devices. Qualitative assessment confirmed enhanced signal readability and improved MEG dipole analysis. ICA-based processing markedly enhanced MEG data quality in RNS patients, emphasizing its clinical relevance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy)
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Review

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11 pages, 270 KiB  
Review
Stereoelectroencephalography-Guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
by James F. Castellano, Shobhit Singla, Niravkumar Barot and Joshua P. Aronson
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(2), 110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci14020110 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1158
Abstract
Despite recent medical therapeutic advances, approximately one third of patients do not attain seizure freedom with medications. This drug-resistant epilepsy population suffers from heightened morbidity and mortality. In appropriate patients, resective epilepsy surgery is far superior to continued medical therapy. Despite this efficacy, [...] Read more.
Despite recent medical therapeutic advances, approximately one third of patients do not attain seizure freedom with medications. This drug-resistant epilepsy population suffers from heightened morbidity and mortality. In appropriate patients, resective epilepsy surgery is far superior to continued medical therapy. Despite this efficacy, there remain drawbacks to traditional epilepsy surgery, such as the morbidity of open neurosurgical procedures as well as neuropsychological adverse effects. SEEG-guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation (SgRFTC) is a minimally invasive, electrophysiology-guided intervention with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications for drug-resistant epilepsy that offers a convenient adjunct or alternative to ablative and resective approaches. We review the international experience with this procedure, including methodologies, diagnostic benefit, therapeutic benefit, and safety considerations. We propose a framework in which SgRFTC may be incorporated into intracranial EEG evaluations alongside passive recording. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of SgRFTC in both delineating and reorganizing epilepsy networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy)
11 pages, 514 KiB  
Review
The Utility of Responsive Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
by Martin G. Piazza, Gregory Varga, William Welch and Taylor J. Abel
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1455; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci13101455 - 13 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has a strongly negative impact on quality of life, as well as the development of pediatric patients. Surgical treatments have evolved over time, including more invasive craniotomies for resection or disconnection. More recently, neuromodulation techniques have been employed as a [...] Read more.
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has a strongly negative impact on quality of life, as well as the development of pediatric patients. Surgical treatments have evolved over time, including more invasive craniotomies for resection or disconnection. More recently, neuromodulation techniques have been employed as a less invasive option for patients. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is the first closed-loop technology that allows for both treatment and device data collection, which allows for an internal assessment of the efficacy of treatment. This novel technology has been approved in adults and has been used off label in pediatrics. This review seeks to describe this technology, its history, and future directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Novel targets of Thalamic Stimulation for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Niravkumar Barot; Harron Butt
Affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States Baylor College of MedicineThis link is disabled., Houston, United States

Title: SEEG-guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: • James F. Castellano; • Shobhit Singla; • Nirav Barot; • Joshua P. Aronson
Affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Abstract: Despite recent medical therapeutic advances, approximately one third of patients do not attain seizure freedom with medications. This drug-resistant epilepsy population suffers from heightened morbidity and mortality. In appropriate patients, resective epilepsy surgery is far superior to continued medical therapy. Despite this efficacy, there remain drawbacks to traditional epilepsy surgery such as the morbidity of open neurosurgical procedures as well as neuropsychiatric adverse effects. SEEG-guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation (SgRTC) is a minimally invasive, electrophysiology-guided intervention with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications for drug-resistant focal epilepsy that offers a convenient adjunct or alternative to ablative and resective approaches. We will review the international experience with this procedure, including methodologies, diagnostic benefit, therapeutic benefit, and safety considerations. We will propose a framework in which SgRFA may be incorporated into intracranial EEG evaluations alongside passive recording and sub-lesional stimulation. Lastly, we will discuss the potential role of SgRTC in both delineating and reorganizing epilepsy networks

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