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The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect...
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The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropsychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 14605

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Arnaud Saj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Montréal University, CRIR Institut Nazareth Louis-Braille, Longueuil, QC, Canada
Interests: neurorehabilitation; spatial cognition; stroke; developmental trajectory; pediatric disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Roberta Ronchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neuroscience, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
2. Neuropsychology unit, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Interests: neurorehabilitation; spatial cognition; stroke; anosognosia; somatoparaphrenia; neuroanatomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the early publication [1] of the first evidence that brain-damaged patients can present with spatial lateralized deficits, the knowledge of the so-called spatial neglect, hemi-neglect or unilateral spatial neglect, and its mechanisms had largely advanced, especially with the contribution of recent brain imaging methods. These techniques, in particular functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and transcranial and intracerebral magnetic stimulation, in association with the voxel- and network-based lesion symptom mapping methods, have refined our understanding of the anatomoclinical relationship between brain regions and different features of spatial cognition, but also of its associated disorders such as anosognosia. The better understanding of the neglect syndrome and its manifestation had also an important impact on rehabilitation studies, with more focused and efficient protocols.

The aim of this Special issue is to give an overview on the neuroanatomical correlates of visuospatial attention and spatial neglect in brain-damaged patients, taking also into account the development of new emerging technologies and methods, such as virtual reality and brain–computer interfaces with their potential to boost the positive and long-term effects of neurorehabilitation.

[1] Brain W.R. (1941). Visual disorientation with special reference to lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere. Brain, 64, 224-272

Prof. Dr. Arnaud Saj
Dr. Roberta Ronchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Spatial cognition
  • Neuropsychology
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Stroke

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 174 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial: Advances in Understanding and Rehabilitating Unilateral Spatial Neglect
by Arnaud Saj and Roberta Ronchi
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1437; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci13101437 - 10 Oct 2023
Viewed by 638
Abstract
Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN) is a frequent, very debilitating cognitive syndrome, in which patients fail to pay attention, perceive, and represent a part of the space in the side contralateral to the brain lesion [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)

Research

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30 pages, 11061 KiB  
Article
Aftereffects to Prism Exposure without Adaptation: A Single Case Study
by Federica Albini, Alberto Pisoni, Anna Salvatore, Elena Calzolari, Carlotta Casati, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Andrea Falini, Sofia Allegra Crespi, Claudia Godi, Antonella Castellano, Nadia Bolognini and Giuseppe Vallar
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(4), 480; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci12040480 - 05 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
Visuo-motor adaptation to optical prisms (Prism Adaptation, PA), displacing the visual scene laterally, is a behavioral method used for the experimental investigation of visuomotor plasticity, and, in clinical settings, for temporarily ameliorating and rehabilitating unilateral spatial neglect. This study investigated the building [...] Read more.
Visuo-motor adaptation to optical prisms (Prism Adaptation, PA), displacing the visual scene laterally, is a behavioral method used for the experimental investigation of visuomotor plasticity, and, in clinical settings, for temporarily ameliorating and rehabilitating unilateral spatial neglect. This study investigated the building up of PA, and the presence of the typically occurring subsequent Aftereffects (AEs) in a brain-damaged patient (TMA), suffering from apperceptive agnosia and a right visual half-field defect, with bilateral atrophy of the parieto-occipital cortices, regions involved in PA and AEs. Base-Right prisms and control neutral lenses were used. PA was achieved by repeated pointing movements toward three types of stimuli: visual, auditory, and bimodal audio-visual. The presence and the magnitude of AEs were assessed by proprioceptive, visual, visuo-proprioceptive, and auditory-proprioceptive straight-ahead pointing tasks. The patient’s brain connectivity was investigated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Unlike control participants, TMA did not show any adaptation to prism exposure, but her AEs were largely preserved. These findings indicate that AEs may occur even in the absence of PA, as indexed by the reduction of the pointing error, showing a dissociation between the classical measures of PA and AEs. In the PA process, error reduction, and its feedback, may be less central to the building up of AEs, than the sensorimotor pointing activity per se. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)
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13 pages, 2762 KiB  
Article
Brain Substrates for Distinct Spatial Processing Components Contributing to Hemineglect in Humans
by Yann Cojan, Arnaud Saj and Patrik Vuilleumier
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(12), 1584; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci11121584 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Several cortical and sub-cortical regions in the right hemisphere, particularly in parietal and frontal lobe, but also in temporal lobe and thalamus, are part of neural networks critically implicated in spatial and attentional functions. Damage to different sites within these networks can cause [...] Read more.
Several cortical and sub-cortical regions in the right hemisphere, particularly in parietal and frontal lobe, but also in temporal lobe and thalamus, are part of neural networks critically implicated in spatial and attentional functions. Damage to different sites within these networks can cause hemispatial neglect. The aim of this study was to identify the neural substrates of different spatial processing components that are known to contribute to neglect symptoms. First, three different spatial tasks (visual search, bisection, and visual memory) were tested in 27 patients with focal right brain-damage. Voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping was used to determine the relationships between specific sites of damage and severity of deficits in these three spatial tasks. Secondly, fMRI was used in 26 healthy controls who performed the same tasks. In the healthy group, fMRI results showed a differential activation of regions within the parietal and frontal lobes during bisection and visual search, respectively. In the patients, we confirmed a critical role of right lateral parietal cortex in bisection, but lesions in frontal and temporal lobe were more critical for visual search. These data support the existence of distinct components in spatial attentional processes that might be damaged to different degrees in neglect patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)
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12 pages, 3474 KiB  
Article
The Neural Bases of Egocentric Spatial Representation for Extracorporeal and Corporeal Tasks: An fMRI Study
by Stephanie Leplaideur, Annelise Moulinet-Raillon, Quentin Duché, Lucie Chochina, Karim Jamal, Jean-Christophe Ferré, Elise Bannier and Isabelle Bonan
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(8), 963; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci11080963 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2254
Abstract
(1) Background: Humans use reference frames to elaborate the spatial representations needed for all space-oriented behaviors such as postural control, walking, or grasping. We investigated the neural bases of two egocentric tasks: the extracorporeal subjective straight-ahead task (SSA) and the corporeal subjective longitudinal [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Humans use reference frames to elaborate the spatial representations needed for all space-oriented behaviors such as postural control, walking, or grasping. We investigated the neural bases of two egocentric tasks: the extracorporeal subjective straight-ahead task (SSA) and the corporeal subjective longitudinal body plane task (SLB) in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This work was an ancillary part of a study involving stroke patients. (2) Methods: Seventeen healthy participants underwent a 3T fMRI examination. During the SSA, participants had to divide the extracorporeal space into two equal parts. During the SLB, they had to divide their body along the midsagittal plane. (3) Results: Both tasks elicited a parieto-occipital network encompassing the superior and inferior parietal lobules and lateral occipital cortex, with a right hemispheric dominance. Additionally, the SLB > SSA contrast revealed activations of the left angular and premotor cortices. These areas, involved in attention and motor imagery suggest a greater complexity of corporeal processes engaging body representation. (4) Conclusions: This was the first fMRI study to explore the SLB-related activity and its complementarity with the SSA. Our results pave the way for the exploration of spatial cognitive impairment in patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)
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Review

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26 pages, 1334 KiB  
Review
Neural Mechanisms of Prism Adaptation in Healthy Adults and Individuals with Spatial Neglect after Unilateral Stroke: A Review of fMRI Studies
by Olga Boukrina and Peii Chen
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(11), 1468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci11111468 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3605
Abstract
Functional disability due to spatial neglect hinders recovery in up to 30% of stroke survivors. Prism adaptation treatment (PAT) may alleviate the disabling consequences of spatial neglect, but we do not yet know why some individuals show much better outcomes following PAT than [...] Read more.
Functional disability due to spatial neglect hinders recovery in up to 30% of stroke survivors. Prism adaptation treatment (PAT) may alleviate the disabling consequences of spatial neglect, but we do not yet know why some individuals show much better outcomes following PAT than others. The goal of this scoping review and meta-analysis was to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying prism adaptation (PA). We conducted both quantitative and qualitative analyses across fMRI studies investigating brain activity before, during, and after PA, in healthy individuals and patients with right or left brain damage (RBD or LBD) due to stroke. In healthy adults, PA was linked with activity in posterior parietal and cerebellar clusters, reduced bilateral parieto-frontal connectivity, and increased fronto-limbic and sensorimotor network connectivity. In contrast, RBD individuals with spatial neglect relied on different circuits, including an activity cluster in the intact left occipital cortex. This finding is consistent with a shift in hemispheric dominance in spatial processing to the left hemisphere. However, more studies are needed to clarify the contribution of lesion location and load on the circuits involved in PA after unilateral brain damage. Future studies are also needed to clarify the relationship of decreasing resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) to visuomotor function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)
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Other

10 pages, 1788 KiB  
Case Report
Visual Neglect after PICA Stroke—A Case Study
by Nora Geiser, Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann, Henrik Rühe, Noortje Maaijwee, Tobias Nef, Dario Cazzoli and Thomas Nyffeler
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(2), 290; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci12020290 - 19 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
After cerebellar stroke, cognition can be impaired, as described within the framework of the so-called Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS). However, it remains unclear whether visual neglect can also be part of CCAS. We describe the case of a patient with a subacute [...] Read more.
After cerebellar stroke, cognition can be impaired, as described within the framework of the so-called Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS). However, it remains unclear whether visual neglect can also be part of CCAS. We describe the case of a patient with a subacute cerebellar stroke after thrombosis of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), who showed a left-sided visual neglect, indicating that the cerebellum also has a modulatory function on visual attention. The neglect, however, was mild and only detectable when using the sensitive neuro-psychological Five-Point Test as well as video-oculography assessment, yet remained unnoticed when evaluated with common neglect-specific paper-pencil tests. Three weeks later, follow-up assessments revealed an amelioration of neglect symptoms. Therefore, these findings suggest that visual neglect may be a part of CCAS, but that the choice of neglect assessments and the time delay since stroke onset may be crucial. Although the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, we propose cerebellar–cerebral diaschisis as a possible explanation of why neglect can occur on the ipsilateral side. Further research applying sensitive assessment tools at different post-stroke stages is needed to investigate the incidence, lesion correlates, and pathophysiology of neglect after cerebellar lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Neuroanatomy of Spatial Cognition and Neurorehabilitation in Neglect Syndrome)
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