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Cancers
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New Insights on Genomics in Thyroid Cancers: Impact on Diagnosis,...
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New Insights on Genomics in Thyroid Cancers: Impact on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 8831

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Borson-Chazot Françoise

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Federation d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
Interests: thyroid cancer; endocrine tumors; epidemiology; genetics; molecular biology
Dr. Christelle De La Fouchardière

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, University of Lyon I, 69007 Lyon, France
Interests: thyroid cancer; endocrine neoplasia; molecular biology; immunotherapy; rare tumors; targeted therapies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid cancer is an heterogeneous group of tumors including 3 main histological types (differentiated thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, anaplastic carcinoma) exhibiting a broad range of clinical behaviors—from indolent tumors with low mortality in most cases to very aggressive malignancies. Considerable progresses have been made in the last decade in the comprehension of thyroid cancer biology with the identification of several major signaling pathways and related molecular genetic and epigenetic alterations playing a fundamental role in its pathogenesis. These molecular alterations represent novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers and constitute the basis of new promising therapeutic developments that have profoundly changed the management of patients.

This Special Issue will highlight the results of current research on the genomics of thyroid cancers and its impact on the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules, the contribution to thyroid cancer prognosis, and recent advances in therapeutic approaches now evolving toward a more personalized approach.

Prof. Dr. Borson-Chazot Françoise
Dr. Christelle De La Fouchardière
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • papillary thyroid cancer
  • medullary thyroid cancer
  • anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
  • metastases
  • refractory thyroid cancer
  • genomics
  • molecular markers
  • preoperative diagnosis
  • cytology
  • prognosis
  • therapeutic approach
  • personalized treatment
  • evaluation of treatment
  • resistance to treatment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2351 KiB  
Article
Expression Profile and Diagnostic Significance of MicroRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
by Mariusz Rogucki, Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Magdalena Niemira, Janusz Bogdan Dzięcioł, Angelika Buczyńska, Agnieszka Adamska, Katarzyna Siewko, Maria Kościuszko, Katarzyna Maliszewska, Anna Wójcicka, Jakub Supronik, Małgorzata Szelachowska, Joanna Reszeć, Adam Jacek Krętowski and Anna Popławska-Kita
Cancers 2022, 14(11), 2679; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14112679 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2336
Abstract
The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has increased in recent years. To improve the diagnostic management of PTC, we propose the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a biomarker. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the miRNA expression pattern in PTC [...] Read more.
The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has increased in recent years. To improve the diagnostic management of PTC, we propose the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a biomarker. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the miRNA expression pattern in PTC using NanoString technology. We identified ten miRNAs deregulated in PTC compared with reference tissue: miR-146b-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-221-5p, miR-34-5p, miR-551b-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-15a-5p, miR-31-5p, and miR-7-5p (FDR < 0.05; |fold change (FC)| ≥ 1.5). The gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) target genes identified the predominant involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and pathways in cancer in PTC. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for DEMs was found for miR-146-5p (AUC = 0.770) expression, indicating possible clinical applicability in PTC diagnosis. The combination of four miRNAs (miR-152-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-551b-3p, and miR-7-5p) showed an AUC of 0.841. Validation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) confirmed our findings. The introduction of an miRNA diagnostic panel based on the results of our study may help to improve therapeutic decision making for questionable cases. The use of miRNAs as biomarkers of PTC may become an aspect of personalized medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on Genomics in Thyroid Cancers: Impact on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy)
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23 pages, 5533 KiB  
Article
Molecular Signature Expands the Landscape of Driver Negative Thyroid Cancers
by Larissa Valdemarin Bim, Thaise Nayane Ribeiro Carneiro, Vanessa Candiotti Buzatto, Gabriel Avelar Colozza-Gama, Fernanda C. Koyama, Debora Mota Dias Thomaz, Ana Carolina de Jesus Paniza, Eunjung Alice Lee, Pedro Alexandre Favoretto Galante and Janete Maria Cerutti
Cancers 2021, 13(20), 5184; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers13205184 - 15 Oct 2021
Viewed by 3176
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, the cytological diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and their benign counterparts is a challenge for preoperative diagnosis. Nearly 20–30% of biopsied [...] Read more.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, the cytological diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and their benign counterparts is a challenge for preoperative diagnosis. Nearly 20–30% of biopsied thyroid nodules are classified as having indeterminate risk of malignancy and incur costs to the health care system. Based on that, 120 patients were screened for the main driver mutations previously described in thyroid cancer. Subsequently, 14 mutation-negative cases that are the main source of diagnostic errors (FTC, HCC, or FVPTC) underwent RNA-Sequencing analysis. Somatic variants in candidate driver genes (ECD, NUP98,LRP1B, NCOR1, ATM, SOS1, and SPOP) and fusions were described. NCOR1 and SPOP variants underwent validation. Moreover, expression profiling of driver-negative samples was compared to 16 BRAF V600E, RAS, or PAX8-PPARg positive samples. Negative samples were separated in two clusters, following the expression pattern of the RAS/PAX8-PPARg or BRAF V600E positive samples. Both negative groups showed distinct BRS, ERK, and TDS scores, tumor mutation burden, signaling pathways and immune cell profile. Altogether, here we report novel gene variants and describe cancer-related pathways that might impact preoperative diagnosis and provide insights into thyroid tumor biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on Genomics in Thyroid Cancers: Impact on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy)
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Review

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24 pages, 1525 KiB  
Review
MAPK Pathway Inhibitors in Thyroid Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Data
by Louis Schubert, Mohamed Lamine Mariko, Jérôme Clerc, Olivier Huillard and Lionel Groussin
Cancers 2023, 15(3), 710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers15030710 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2738
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with a good prognosis in most cases. However, some cancers of follicular origin are metastatic or recurrent and eventually become radioiodine refractory thyroid cancers (RAIR-TC). These more aggressive cancers are a clinical concern for which [...] Read more.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with a good prognosis in most cases. However, some cancers of follicular origin are metastatic or recurrent and eventually become radioiodine refractory thyroid cancers (RAIR-TC). These more aggressive cancers are a clinical concern for which the therapeutic arsenal remains limited. Molecular biology of these tumors has highlighted a hyper-activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK), mostly secondary to the BRAFV600E hotspot mutation occurring in about 60% of papillary cancers and 45% of anaplastic cancers. Therapies targeting the different protagonists of this signaling pathway have been tested in preclinical and clinical models: first and second generation RAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors. In clinical practice, dual therapies with a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor are being recommended in anaplastic cancers with the BRAFV600E mutation. Concerning RAIR-TC, these inhibitors can be used as anti-proliferative drugs, but their efficacy is inconsistent due to primary or secondary resistance. A specific therapeutic approach in thyroid cancers consists of performing a short-term treatment with these MAPK pathway inhibitors to evaluate their capacity to redifferentiate a refractory tumor, with the aim of retreating the patients by radioactive iodine therapy in case of re-expression of the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS). In this work, we report data from recent preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of MAPK pathway inhibitors and their resistance mechanisms. We will also report the different preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the redifferentiation with these therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on Genomics in Thyroid Cancers: Impact on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy)
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