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Crystals
Special Issues
Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials
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Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2020) | Viewed by 10205

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Barbara Liguori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ACLabs—Applied Chemistry Labs, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: materials engineering; porous materials; zeolites; construction materials; hybrid foams; geopolymers; sustainable building materials; material recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fabio Iucolano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: materials engineering; porous materials; zeolites; construction materials; hybrid foams; geopolymers; sustainable building materials; material recycling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramics represent some of the earliest and most environmentally durable materials for engineering. Crystalline ceramics include the traditional silicates and the many oxide and non-oxide compounds that are widely used in both traditional and advanced technologies. Quarrying operations for obtaining ceramic raw materials are energy-intensive, adversely affect the landscape, and generate high levels of waste. At the same time, the increase in industrial waste production represents a great environmental problem that is worsened by the high costs necessary for its disposal and/or neutralization. An interesting challenge is represented by the production of ceramics in an economical and sustainable way that also meets the quality standards requirement. A sustainable approach could regard either the raw materials or the processes. First of all, secondary raw materials and other natural and industrial by-products, currently disposed of as waste, can be viewed as a green opportunity in the synthesis of ceramics in order to move towards an industry with a circular economy. Several chemical and thermal methods can be adopted to prepare ceramics (particles or monoliths) by starting from the conventional solid-state process, precipitation, hydrolysis, pyrolysis, hydrothermal methods, or the sol–gel technique. An attractive goal is a green and environmentally friendly approach to the design of the synthesis process.

This Special Issue invites original research contributions and reviews dealing with the synthesis, production, and characterization of ceramic materials based on sustainable raw materials and/or processes.

Dr. Barbara Liguori
Dr. Fabio Iucolano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green chemistry
  • ceramics
  • silicates
  • oxide
  • design of the synthesis process
  • sustainable raw materials.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1190 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of an Aluminum Oxide-Based Functional Device Engineered by Corrosion/Oxidation Process
by Roberto Baca-Arroyo
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 734; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10090734 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
A disordered aluminum oxide grown on recycled aluminum sheets was synthesized by a corrosion/oxidation process. First, aluminum sheets recovered from unusable beverage cans were mechanically polished and dried in air atmosphere. Second, corrosion and oxidation into the aqueous solutions were the synthesis stages [...] Read more.
A disordered aluminum oxide grown on recycled aluminum sheets was synthesized by a corrosion/oxidation process. First, aluminum sheets recovered from unusable beverage cans were mechanically polished and dried in air atmosphere. Second, corrosion and oxidation into the aqueous solutions were the synthesis stages to produce aluminum oxide. Phase formation and electrical conduction of aluminum-oxide layers were validated by X-ray diffraction analysis and current–voltage plots at room temperature. An aluminum oxide-based structure operating under unusual principles at an extended lifetime resulted when an aluminum-oxide layer was inserted between two aluminum electrodes. This was attributed to an unusual electrical conduction. Some suggested models from the circuit theoretic properties are discussed here for potential usefulness for the aluminum oxide synthesized, as an environmental-friendly material that can be further useful into a sustainable scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 5117 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Morphology, Phase Transformations and Thermal Expansions of Coal Fly Ash Cenospheres
by Thye Foo Choo, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh, Kuan Ying Kok, Khamirul Amin Matori and Suraya Abdul Rashid
Crystals 2020, 10(6), 481; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10060481 - 05 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2561
Abstract
Cenospheres are small, hard-shelled hollow spheres with high silica and alumina content. These micron-sized aluminosilicate hollow spheres constitute only a small percentage of the coal fly ash (CFA) obtained from the coal combustion processes. In this study, cenospheres were separated from CFA obtained [...] Read more.
Cenospheres are small, hard-shelled hollow spheres with high silica and alumina content. These micron-sized aluminosilicate hollow spheres constitute only a small percentage of the coal fly ash (CFA) obtained from the coal combustion processes. In this study, cenospheres were separated from CFA obtained from a coal-fired power plant located in Kapar, Malaysia. The cenospheres were heated at 1000, 1200 and 1400 °C to study the changes in morphologies, compositions, phase formation and thermal expansion. The sintering temperatures were selected based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve results. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG–DSC) were used for the characterization study. The study found that the cenospheres have excellent weight stability but are thermally unstable as a result of crystallization and melting. The phase ordering process and devitrification of the amorphous aluminosilicate glass phase at high temperatures lead to the increment and enrichment of the mullite phase in cenospheres. It is suggested that a preheating treatment at 1100 °C could be used to enhance the mechanical properties and thermally stabilize the cenospheres, which make it more suitable for use as a pore-forming agent in ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials)
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12 pages, 3370 KiB  
Article
Removal Characteristics of Sapphire Lapping using Composite Plates with Consciously Patterned Resinoid-Bonded Semifixed Diamond Grits
by Wenshan Wang, Yiqing Yu, Zhongwei Hu, Congfu Fang, Jing Lu and Xipeng Xu
Crystals 2020, 10(4), 293; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10040293 - 11 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2477
Abstract
Sapphire lapping is of key importance for the successful planarization of wafers that are widely present in electronic devices. However, the high hardness of sapphire makes it extremely challenging to improve its material removal rate during the lapping process without compromising surface quality [...] Read more.
Sapphire lapping is of key importance for the successful planarization of wafers that are widely present in electronic devices. However, the high hardness of sapphire makes it extremely challenging to improve its material removal rate during the lapping process without compromising surface quality and dimensional accuracy. In this work, a novel composite lapping plate consisting of a rigid resin frame and flexible sol–gel balls was fabricated with consciously designed patterns. Through lapping experiment, it was revealed that the diamond grits imbedded in the sol–gel balls can effectively lap the sapphire at a promising material removal rate (MRR), without the formation of undesirable scratches and loss of surface integrity. Moreover, by designing the arrangement patterns of sol–gel balls, the total thickness variation (TTV) can also be ensured for lapped sapphire substrates. The implications of experimental results were also discussed based on the trajectory analysis and contact mechanics of lapping grits in order to demonstrate the potential of the newly developed composite abrasive tools for sapphire-lapping applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials)
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11 pages, 2275 KiB  
Article
Characterization of High-Temperature Hierarchical Porous Mullite Washcoat Synthesized Using Aluminum Dross and Coal Fly Ash
by Thye Foo Choo, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh, Kuan Ying Kok, Khamirul Amin Matori and Suraya Abdul Rashid
Crystals 2020, 10(3), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10030178 - 06 Mar 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2691
Abstract
Mixture of aluminum dross (AD) and coal fly ash (CFA) was used to produce high-temperature porous mullite for washcoat application. CFA is the combustion by-product of pulverized coal in a coal-fired power plant, while AD is a waste product produced in secondary aluminum [...] Read more.
Mixture of aluminum dross (AD) and coal fly ash (CFA) was used to produce high-temperature porous mullite for washcoat application. CFA is the combustion by-product of pulverized coal in a coal-fired power plant, while AD is a waste product produced in secondary aluminum refining. In this study, 80 wt% of AD and 20 wt% of CFA was used to prepare a mullite precursor (MP) via acid leaching and dry-milling. The precursor was coated on a substrate and subsequently fired at 1500 °C. The results showed that the precursor transformed to a hierarchical porous microstructure assembled by large interlocked acicular mullite crystals. The pore structures consisted of large interconnected open pores and small pores. The specific surface area of the mullite washcoat was 4.85 m2g−1 after heating at 1500 °C for 4 h. The specific surface area was compatible with the specific surface area of other high-temperature washcoats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Approach in Synthetic Ceramic Materials)
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