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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Advance in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Cancer and Atherosclerosis
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Advance in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Cancer and Atherosclerosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 6365

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Manuel Scimeca

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Interests: pathology; nuclear medicine; biomarkers; breast cancer; prostate cancer; ectopic calcifications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rita Bonfiglio

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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
Interests: oncology; breast cancer; molecular pathology; mouse models; theragnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Manuela Montanaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention - Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: cancer biomarkers; pathology; atherosclerosis; biotechnology; histopathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,The identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers capable of detecting the occurrence of human diseases early, as well as of supporting clinicians in choosing the best therapeutic protocols, is considered one of the main challenges of the scientific community. In this scenario, multidisciplinary cooperation among different biomedical fields, such as imaging diagnostics, molecular imaging, clinical laboratory analysis, pathology, and artificial intelligence, could represent an ideal scientific platform for identifying novel promising diagnostic biomarkers. This innovative approch could significantly utilize the armamentarium available for clinicians in the management of the main human pathologies such as cancer and cadiovascular diseases. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this Special Issue is to publish the latest discoveries and bring together researchers and clinicians working in the identification of new diagnostic biomarkers of human cancer and atherosclerosis. Topics will include (but are not limited to) the following: 
  • Identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers of human cancers and atherosclerosis;
  • Early imaging markers for human cancers and atherosclerosis;
  • In situ expression of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers of human cancers and atherosclerosis;
  • New advances in circulating biomarkers of human cancers and atherosclerosis;
  • Identification and development of new molecules for theragnostic approaches in human cancer;
  • Identification and development of new molecules for theragnostic approaches in atherosclerosis;
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning as support clinical investigations concerning new biomarkers for human cancer and atherosclerosis.

Prof. Dr. Manuel Scimeca
Dr. Rita Bonfiglio
Dr. Manuela Montanaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Predictive Biomarkers
  • Prognostic Biomarkers
  • Personalized Medicine
  • Imaging Diagnostic
  • Anatomic Pathology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Clinical Laboratory Analysis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Increases the Risk of Carotid Plaque Instability in Male Dyslipidemic Patients
by Manuel Scimeca, Manuela Montanaro, Marina Cardellini, Rita Bonfiglio, Lucia Anemona, Nicoletta Urbano, Elena Bonanno, Rossella Menghini, Viviana Casagrande, Eugenio Martelli, Francesca Servadei, Erica Giacobbi, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Roberto Bei, Vittorio Manzari, Massimo Federici, Orazio Schillaci and Alessandro Mauriello
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 2117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11112117 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values influence the risk of carotid plaque instability in association with other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six carotid plaques from both symptomatic and asymptomatic [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values influence the risk of carotid plaque instability in association with other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six carotid plaques from both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients requiring surgical carotid endarterectomy were retrospectively collected. According to the modified American Heart Association, atherosclerosis plaques have been histologically distinguished into unstable and stable. The following anamnestic and hematochemical data were also considered: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, therapy, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, kidney failure and hs-CRP. Results: The results of our study clearly show that high levels of hs-CRP significantly increase the carotid plaque instability in dyslipidemic patients. Specifically, a 67% increase of the risk of carotid plaque instability was observed in patients with high LDL-C. Therefore, the highest risk was observed in male dyslipidemic patients 2333 (95% CI 0.73–7.48) and in aged female patients 2713 (95% CI 0.14–53.27). Discussion: These data strongly suggest a biological relationship between the hs-CRP values and the alteration of lipidic metabolism mostly in male patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. The measurement of hs-CRP might be useful as a potential screening tool in the prevention of atheroscletotic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Cancer and Atherosclerosis)
13 pages, 625 KiB  
Article
Circulating miRNAs Are Associated with the Systemic Extent of Atherosclerosis: Novel Observations for miR-27b and miR-146
by Tiago Pereira-da-Silva, Patrícia Napoleão, Marina C. Costa, André F. Gabriel, Mafalda Selas, Filipa Silva, Francisco J. Enguita, Rui Cruz Ferreira and Miguel Mota Carmo
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11020318 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the systemic extent of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. We investigated whether the expression of circulating miRNAs is associated with the extent of stable atherosclerosis to a single territory or multiple territories (polyvascular) and with the severity of atherosclerosis [...] Read more.
The mechanisms that regulate the systemic extent of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. We investigated whether the expression of circulating miRNAs is associated with the extent of stable atherosclerosis to a single territory or multiple territories (polyvascular) and with the severity of atherosclerosis in each territory. Ninety-four participants were prospectively recruited and divided into five age- and sex-matched groups: presenting no atherosclerosis, isolated coronary atherosclerosis, coronary and lower extremity atherosclerosis, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis of the coronary, lower extremity, and carotid territories. The expression of six circulating miRNAs with distinct biological roles was assessed. The expression of miR-27b and miR-146 differed across groups (p < 0.05), showing a decrease in the presence of atherosclerosis, particularly in the three territories. miR-27b and miR-146 expression decreased in association with a higher severity of coronary, lower extremity, and carotid atherosclerosis. Polyvascular atherosclerosis involving the three territories was independently associated with a decreased miR-27b and miR-146 expression. Both miRNAs presented an area under the curve of ≥0.75 for predicting polyvascular atherosclerosis involving the three territories. To conclude, miR-27b and miR-146 were associated with the presence of severe polyvascular atherosclerosis and with the atherosclerosis severity in each territory. Both are potential biomarkers of severe systemic atherosclerosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Cancer and Atherosclerosis)
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10 pages, 2143 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Calcification Factors and Endothelial-Dysfunction Factors on the Development of Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaques
by Yana V. Polonskaya, Elena V. Kashtanova, Ivan S. Murashov, Aleksei V. Kurguzov, Evgeny V. Sadovski, Nikolay A. Maslatsov, Ekaterina M. Stakhneva, Alexander M. Chernyavskii and Yuliya I. Ragino
Diagnostics 2020, 10(12), 1074; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10121074 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate changes in markers of calcification and of endothelial dysfunction during the development of calcification and instability of atherosclerotic plaques and to identify associations of calcification factors with the formation of unstable plaques. Methods: We analyzed 44 male [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate changes in markers of calcification and of endothelial dysfunction during the development of calcification and instability of atherosclerotic plaques and to identify associations of calcification factors with the formation of unstable plaques. Methods: We analyzed 44 male patients with coronary atherosclerosis who underwent endarterectomy in coronary arteries during coronary bypass surgery. The endarterectomy material (intima/media) was examined using histological and biochemical methods, and the stability and calcification degree of atherosclerotic plaques were assessed. In homogenates of the tissue samples and in blood, concentrations of osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, monocyte-chemoattractant protein type 1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and E-selectin were determined by enzyme immunoassays. Results: Unstable atherosclerotic plaques proved to be calcified more frequently (80.4% of plaques) than stable ones (45.0%). Osteonectin, E-selectin, and sVCAM-1 levels were lower in unstable plaques and plaques with large calcification deposits. Osteocalcin content increased with the increasing size of the calcification deposits in plaque. Blood osteocalcin concentration directly correlated with osteocalcin concentration in atherosclerotic plaques and was higher in the blood of patients with calcified plaques in coronary arteries. Conclusions: The results provide the basis for further research on the suitability of osteocalcin as a potential biomarker of an unstable calcified atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Cancer and Atherosclerosis)
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