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New Trends in Vascular Imaging

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 46221

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Dr. Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen

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Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: vector flow imaging; super resolution imaging; dual energy computed tomography; cardiac flow; kidney perfusion; pulmonary embolism; GI perfusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Jonathan Frederik Carlsen

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Guest Editor

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: neuroradiology; MRI; computed tomography; brain tumor imaging; artificial intelligence; deep learning; stroke imaging; idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vascular imaging is one of the most important topics within medical imaging, as assessment of blood flow in vessels and perfusion to organs can separate healthy from diseased patients. In the daily work of an imaging specialist, flow and perfusion evaluation is a crucial part of the exam, whether using X-ray, CT, MRI or ultrasound.
In this Special Edition, the focus will be on new trends of vascular imaging. Many new exciting imaging techniques have in recent years been introduced in this research field, such as advanced ultrasound methods, dual energy CT, and new MRI sequences.
The focus will be on clinical or preclinical papers dealing with in vivo examinations using new imaging techniques for diagnosing and assessment of flow and perfusion in healthy and/or diseased patients.

Dr. Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen
Dr. Jonathan Frederik Carlsen
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

New imaging technique
Blood flow
Perfusion
Angiography
Ultrasound
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 520 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

New Trends in Vascular Imaging

by Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen and Jonathan Frederik Carlsen

Diagnostics 2021, 11(1), 112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11010112 - 12 Jan 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1779

Abstract

Blood flow is essential to life and intertwined with all processes in the human body [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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Research

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13 pages, 3061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Non-Contrast MRA to Discriminate between Obstructive and Nonobstructive Venous Diseases of the Legs

by Chien-Wei Chen, Yuan-Hsi Tseng, Min Yi Wong, Yu-Hui Lin, Teng-Yao Yang, Yin-Chen Hsu, Bor-Shyh Lin and Yao-Kuang Huang

Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1392; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11081392 - 31 Jul 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2581

Abstract

Background: Venous interventions of the legs are less predictable owing to a lock of objective tools. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with lower extremity venous disease were evaluated anatomically using TRANCE MRI. Then, a QFlow analysis was performed in 53 patients with only one leg affected for hemodynamic evaluation. Those patients with complete QFlow were classified into obstructive and nonobstructive. Results: The QFlow—namely, stroke volume, forward flow volume, mean flux, stroke distance (SD), and mean velocity (MV) in the external iliac vein (EIV), femoral vein (FV), popliteal vein (PV), and great saphenous vein (GSV). The obstructed group had a shorter SD and lower MV in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV (SD: p-values of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.043, respectively; MV: p-values of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.048, respectively). A good performance in discriminating obstructive venous disease was reported for SD in the EIV (area under the curve (AUC) = 67.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 53.2–82.7%), EIV/FV (AUC = 72.4%, 95% CI = 58.2–86.5%), and GSV/PV (AUC = 67.9%, 95% CI = 51.7–84.1%). The SD in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV had the ability to discriminate between obstructive and nonobstructive diseases (p-values of 0.025, 0.005, and 0.043). The MV in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV had ability to discriminate between obstructive and nonobstructive venous diseases (p-values of 0.02, 0.005, and 0.048). Conclusions: The SD and MV were lower for obstructive than nonobstructive disease in the EIV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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9 pages, 1402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Digital Subtraction Angiography for the Assessment of Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusive Lesions, Based on the TASC II Classification Criteria

by Erik Baubeta Fridh, Karin Ludwigs, Angelica Svalkvist, Manne Andersson, Joakim Nordanstig, Mårten Falkenberg and Åse A. Johnsson

Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 892; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10110892 - 31 Oct 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2313

Abstract

This paper aimed to study the agreement and repeatability, both intra- and interobserver, of infrapopliteal lesion assessment with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), using the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II criteria, with perioperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a reference. Sixty-eight patients with an MRA preceding an endovascular infrapopliteal revascularization were included. Preoperative MRAs and perioperative DSAs were evaluated in random order by three independent observers using the TASC II classification. The results were analyzed using visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis and Krippendorff’s α. No systematic difference was found between modalities: area under the VGC curve (AUC_VGC) = 0.48 (p = 0.58) or intraobserver; AUC_VGC for Observer 1 and 2 respectively, 0.49 (p = 0.85) and 0.53 (p = 0.52) for MRA compared with 0.54 (p = 0.30) and 0.49 (p = 0.81) for DSA. Interobserver differences were seen: AUC_VGC of 0.63 (p < 0.01) for DSA and 0.80 (p < 0.01) for MRA. These results were confirmed using Krippendorff’s α for the three observers showing 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.07–0.31) for MRA and 0.39 (95% CI 0.23–0.53) for DSA. Poor interobserver agreement was also found in the choice of a target vessel on preoperative MRA: Krippendorff’s α = 0.19 (95% CI 0.01‒0.36). In conclusion, infrapopliteal lesions can be reliably determined on preoperative MRA, but interobserver variability regarding the choice of a target vessel is a major concern that appears to affect the overall TASC II grade. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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15 pages, 4789 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Super-Resolution Imaging with Ultrasound for Visualization of the Renal Microvasculature in Rats Before and After Renal Ischemia: A Pilot Study

by Sofie Bech Andersen, Iman Taghavi, Carlos Armando Villagómez Hoyos, Stinne Byrholdt Søgaard, Fredrik Gran, Lars Lönn, Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen, Jørgen Arendt Jensen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen and Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen

Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 862; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10110862 - 22 Oct 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4249

Abstract

In vivo monitoring of the microvasculature is relevant since diseases such as diabetes, ischemia, or cancer cause microvascular impairment. Super-resolution ultrasound imaging allows in vivo examination of the microvasculature by detecting and tracking sparsely distributed intravascular microbubbles over a minute-long period. The ability to create detailed images of the renal vasculature of Sprague-Dawley rats using a modified clinical ultrasound platform was investigated in this study. Additionally, we hypothesized that early ischemic damage to the renal microcirculation could be visualized. After a baseline scan of the exposed kidney, 10 rats underwent clamping of the renal vein (n = 5) or artery (n = 5) for 45 min. The kidneys were rescanned at the onset of clamp release and after 60 min of reperfusion. Using a processing pipeline for tissue motion compensation and microbubble tracking, super-resolution images with a very high level of detail were constructed. Image filtration allowed further characterization of the vasculature by isolating specific vessels such as the ascending vasa recta with a 15–20 μm diameter. Using the super-resolution images alone, it was only possible for six assessors to consistently distinguish the healthy renal microvasculature from the microvasculature at the onset of vein clamp release. Future studies will aim at attaining quantitative estimations of alterations in the renal microvascular blood flow using super-resolution ultrasound imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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11 pages, 1512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stasis Leg Ulcers: Venous System Revises by Triggered Angiography Non-Contrast-Enhanced Sequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging

by Chien-Wei Chen, Yuan-Hsi Tseng, Min Yi Wong, Chao-Ming Wu, Bor-Shyh Lin and Yao-Kuang Huang

Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 707; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10090707 - 17 Sep 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4317

Abstract

Objectives: The distribution of venous pathology in stasis leg ulcers is unclear. The main reason for this uncertainty is the lack of objective diagnostic tools. To fill this gap, we assessed the effectiveness of triggered angiography non-contrast-enhanced (TRANCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the venous status of patients with stasis leg ulcers. Methods: This prospective observational study included the data of 23 patients with stasis leg ulcers who underwent TRANCE-MRI between April 2017 and May 2020; the data were retrospectively analyzed. TRANCE MRI utilizes differences in vascular signal intensity during the cardiac cycle for subsequent image subtraction, providing not only a venogram but also an arteriogram without the use of contrast agents or radiation. Results: TRANCE MRI revealed that the stasis leg ulcers of nine of the 23 patients could be attributed to valvular insufficiency and venous occlusion (including deep venous thrombosis [DVT], May–Thurner syndrome, and other external compression). Moreover, TRANCE MRI demonstrated no venous pathology in five patients (21.7%). We analyzed TRANCE MRI hemodynamic parameters, namely stroke volume, forward flow volume, backward flow volume, regurgitant fraction, absolute volume, mean flux, stroke distance, and mean velocity, in the external iliac vein, femoral vein, popliteal vein, and great saphenous vein (GSV) in three of the patients with valvular insufficiency and three of those with venous occlusion. We found that the mean velocity and stroke volume in the GSV was higher than that in the popliteal vein in all patients with venous valvular insufficiency. Conclusions: Stasis leg ulcers may have no underlying venous disease and could be confirmed by TRANCE-MRI. TRANCE MRI has good Interrater reliability between Duplex study in greater saphenous venous insufficiency. It also potentially surpasses existing diagnostic modalities in terms of distinguishable hemodynamic figures. Accordingly, TRANCE-MRI is a safe and useful tool for examining stasis leg ulcers and is extensively applied currently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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9 pages, 1036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peculiar Characteristics of Arteriovenous Malformations Arising in the Galenic Region

by Hirohisa Yajima, Yuki Shinya, Hirotaka Hasegawa, Masahiro Shin, Keisuke Ueki, Mariko Kawashima, Osamu Ishikawa and Nobuhito Saito

Diagnostics 2020, 10(7), 481; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10070481 - 15 Jul 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2480

Abstract

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are congenital vascular lesions fed by arterial feeders originating from branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebrobasilar artery. We experienced unique AVMs arising in the midline Galenic region, receiving blood supply from the ICA/vertebral artery systems and the external carotid artery system. We retrospectively reviewed data on eight patients who had an AVM arising in the Galenic region and were treated in the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1990 and 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Three cases (38%) presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueduct obstruction caused by an engorged vein of Galen. In all cases, feeders from dural arteries were present and the vein of Galen was the primary drainer. All patients underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Five patients were followed for > two years; nidus obliteration was confirmed in one, and > 75% shrinkage was confirmed in three, while one patient died due to hemorrhage. Altogether, AVMs arising in the Galenic region are rare and exhibit several peculiar characteristics including the presence of dural feeders, an older age at presentation and presentation with obstructive hydrocephalus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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9 pages, 1710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carotid Stenosis Assessment with Vector Concentration before and after Stenting

by Andreas Hjelm Brandt, Tin-Quoc Nguyen, Henrik Gutte, Jonathan Frederik Carlsen, Ramin Moshavegh, Jørgen Arendt Jensen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen and Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen

Diagnostics 2020, 10(6), 420; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10060420 - 20 Jun 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2777

Abstract

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the reference method for the assessment of carotid artery stenosis; however, the procedure is invasive and accompanied by ionizing radiation. Velocity estimation with duplex ultrasound (DUS) is widely used for carotid artery stenosis assessment since no radiation or intravenous contrast is required; however, the method is angle-dependent. Vector concentration (VC) is a parameter for flow complexity assessment derived from the angle independent ultrasound method vector flow imaging (VFI), and VC has shown to correlate strongly with stenosis degree. The aim of this study was to compare VC estimates and DUS estimated peak-systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) for carotid artery stenosis patients, with the stenosis degree obtained with DSA. Eleven patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were examined with DUS, VFI, and DSA before and after stent treatment. Compared to DSA, VC showed a strong correlation (r = −0.79, p < 0.001), while PSV (r = 0.68, p = 0.002) and EDV (r = 0.51, p = 0.048) obtained with DUS showed a moderate correlation. VFI using VC calculations may be a useful ultrasound method for carotid artery stenosis and stent patency assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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8 pages, 1604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Computed Tomography Perfusion Predict Treatment Response After Prostate Artery Embolization: A Feasibility Study

by Brian Malling, Martin Andreas Røder, Carsten Lauridsen and Lars Lönn

Diagnostics 2020, 10(5), 304; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10050304 - 15 May 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2300

Abstract

Prostate artery embolization (PAE) is an emerging therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Optimal patient selection is an important step when introducing new treatments and several characteristics associated with a good clinical outcome has previously been proposed. However, no prognostic tool is yet available for PAE. Computed tomography perfusion is an imaging technique that provides hemodynamic parameters making it possible to estimate the prostatic blood flow (PBF). This study investigated the relationship between PBF and the response to PAE. A post hoc analysis including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements before and 24-h after embolization from two prospective studies on sixteen patients undergoing PAE with BPH or prostate cancer were performed. The primary outcome was the correlation between baseline PBF and the change in PSA as a surrogate measure of treatment response. Prostate volume strongly correlated with treatment response and the response was greater with incremental amounts of injected embolic material. PBF was not associated with elevation in PSA and added no information that could guide patient selection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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11 pages, 1885 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Coronary Artery Wall Shear Strain and Plaque Morphology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Artan Bajraktari, Ibadete Bytyçi and Michael Y. Henein

Diagnostics 2020, 10(2), 91; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10020091 - 08 Feb 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3782

Abstract

Background and Aim: Arterial wall shear strain (WSS) has been proposed to impact the features of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of different types of WSS on plaque features in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We systematically searched PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Registry, from 1989 up to January 2020 and selected clinical trials and observational studies which assessed the relationship between WSS, measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and plaque morphology in patients with CAD. Results: In four studies, a total of 72 patients with 13,098 coronary artery segments were recruited, with mean age 57.5 ± 9.5 years. The pooled analysis showed that low WSS was associated with larger baseline lumen area (WMD 2.55 [1.34 to 3.76, p < 0.001]), smaller plaque area (WMD −1.16 [−1.84 to −0.49, p = 0.0007]), lower plaque burden (WMD −12.7 [−21.4 to −4.01, p = 0.04]), and lower necrotic core area (WMD −0.32 [−0.78 to 0.14, p = 0.04]). Low WSS also had smaller fibrous area (WMD −0.79 [−1.88 to 0.30, p = 0.02]) and smaller fibro-fatty area (WMD −0.22 [−0.57 to 0.13, p = 0.02]), compared with high WSS, but the dense calcium score was similar between the two groups (WMD −0.17 [−0.47 to 0.13, p = 0.26]). No differences were found between intermediate and high WSS. Conclusions: High WSS is associated with signs of plaque instability such as higher necrotic core, higher calcium score, and higher plaque burden compared with low WSS. These findings highlight the role of IVUS in assessing plaque vulnerability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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Review

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31 pages, 3586 KiB

Open AccessReview

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature Using Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations

by Bram Callewaert, Elizabeth A. V. Jones, Uwe Himmelreich and Willy Gsell

Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 926; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11060926 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4501

Abstract

Alterations to the cerebral microcirculation have been recognized to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact role of the microvascular alterations in the pathophysiological mechanisms often remains poorly understood. The early detection of changes in microcirculation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be used to get a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. This could be an important step towards the development of new treatment approaches. Animal models allow for the study of the disease mechanism at several stages of development, before the onset of clinical symptoms, and the verification with invasive imaging techniques. Specifically, pre-clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development and validation of MRI sequences under clinically relevant conditions. This article reviews MRI strategies providing indirect non-invasive measurements of microvascular changes in the rodent brain that can be used for early detection and characterization of neurodegenerative disorders. The perfusion MRI techniques: Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), will be discussed, followed by less established imaging strategies used to analyze the cerebral microcirculation: Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO), Steady-State Susceptibility Contrast (SSC), Vessel size imaging, SAGE-based DSC, Phase Contrast Flow (PC) Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and quantitative Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (qBOLD). We will emphasize the advantages and limitations of each strategy, in particular on applications for high-field MRI in the rodent’s brain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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18 pages, 835 KiB

Open AccessReview

Gastrointestinal Applications of Iodine Quantification Using Dual-Energy CT: A Systematic Review

by Jack Junchi Xu, Mikkel Taudorf, Peter Sommer Ulriksen, Michael Patrick Achiam, Timothy Andrew Resch, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Lars Birger Lönn and Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen

Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10100814 - 13 Oct 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2932

Abstract

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can estimate tissue vascularity and perfusion via iodine quantification. The aim of this systematic review was to outline current and emerging clinical applications of iodine quantification within the gastrointestinal tract using DECT. The search was conducted with three databases: EMBASE, Pubmed and The Cochrane Library. This identified 449 studies after duplicate removal. From a total of 570 selected studies, 30 studies were enrolled for the systematic review. The studies were categorized into four main topics: gastric tumors (12 studies), colorectal tumors (8 studies), Crohn’s disease (4 studies) and miscellaneous applications (6 studies). Findings included a significant difference in iodine concentration (IC) measurements in perigastric fat between T1–3 vs. T4 stage gastric cancer, poorly and well differentiated gastric and colorectal cancer, responders vs. non-responders following chemo- or chemoradiotherapy treatment among cancer patients, and a positive correlation between IC and Crohn’s disease activity. In conclusion, iodine quantification with DECT may be used preoperatively in cancer imaging as well as for monitoring treatment response. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of DECT in splanchnic flow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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15 pages, 3014 KiB

Open AccessReview

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and the Role of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging

by Muhammad Talha Ayub and Dinesh Kalra

Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 679; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10090679 - 09 Sep 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7966

Abstract

Patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) have significantly higher rates of cardiovascular events, including hospitalization for heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and myocardial infarction (MI). In CMD, several pathophysiological changes lead to functional and structural abnormalities in the coronary microvasculature, which disrupt the ability of the vessels to vasodilate and augment myocardial blood flow in response to increased myocardial oxygen demand, causing ischemia and angina. With the advent of more advanced non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques, the coronary microvasculature has been subjected to more intense study in the past two decades—this has led to further insights into the diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, prognosis and follow-up of CMD. This review will highlight and compare the salient features of the currently available non-invasive imaging modalities used in these patients, and discuss the clinical utility of these techniques in the workup and management of these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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12 pages, 1041 KiB

Open AccessReview

Simulation-Based Virtual-Reality Patient-Specific Rehearsal Prior to Endovascular Procedures: A Systematic Review

by Caroline Albrecht-Beste Nielsen, Lars Lönn, Lars Konge and Mikkel Taudorf

Diagnostics 2020, 10(7), 500; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10070500 - 20 Jul 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2970

Abstract

Patient-specific rehearsal (PsR) is a new concept whereby a procedure can be rehearsed virtually using the exact patient’s anatomical data prior to performing the real procedure. The aim of this study was to ascertain if endovascular virtual-reality PsR simulation enhanced performance in real life. This was done by performing a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science concerning PsR in endovascular procedures. All publications were handled using Covidence. Reference lists were also screened. Data extracted from the studies were realism rating, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, number of angiograms and reduction of errors. Kirkpatrick’s four-level model for measuring the efficiency of training was used for guidance of the relevance of studies. The search yielded 1155 results after the exclusion of duplicates, and 11 studies were included. Four studies had a control group, including one randomized trial; the remaining seven were feasibility studies. The realism was rated high, and overall, the studies showed improvements in procedure time, fluoroscopy time and contrast volume after PsR. One study assessed and confirmed the reduction in errors after PsR. Only two studies included more than 15 patients in their cohort. Kirkpatrick’s model was applied to all studies, with one study reaching level 4. All studies found the concept of PsR to be feasible and realistic. The studies with a control group showed a reduction of overall procedure time, radiation exposure and potential errors in endovascular procedures following PsR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Vascular Imaging)

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